1. Chapter 8: The Byzantine Empire
Fall of Rome

2. The Decline of Rome Life after the 5 Good Emperors
Death of Marcus Aurelius led to civil war
The Severan Rulers
Established a military government
“Enrich the soldiers and ignore everyone else”
AD: 22 Rulers
Most were murdered
Sassanid Persians
Lived in the East
Began to invade Roman lands
Plague
Decimated the Roman population
Farms destroyed by invading people

3. The Decline of Rome Reform Movement Constantine (306-337AD)
Diocletian ( AD)
Divided the Roman Empire into 4 prefectures (Why?)
Each prefecture had a separate ruler (Tetrarchy)
All reported to Diocletian’s military power
301 AD
Stabilized economy and fought inflation by setting wage and price controls
Constantine ( AD)
Expanded the prefectures
Constructed a capital in the Eastern Roman Empire (Byzantium)
Becomes known as Constantinople (Now called Istanbul)
Built for defensive purposes (Why?)

4. The Decline of Rome Military Reform The Army
Expanded the army to 500,000 soldiers
Included the use of German soldiers
Frontier units defended the borders
Mobile units responded to problems and provided back up
Civil Service
Expansion required an increase in revenue
Not enough people to support current tax base
Required certain jobs to be passed down to offspring

5. The Fall of the Rome
After death of Constantine, Roman Empire divided in half
The Western Roman Empire
Facing the Germans
Visigoths
Had been displaced from land by the Huns from Asia
Eventually culture led to conflict and revolt
Battle at Adrianople in 378 AD. (Defeated Romans)
410AD: Invaded Rome
Later invaded other Roman provinces
Odoacer (476AD)
Deposed Romulus Augustulus as Roman Emperor
This marked the end of the Western Roman Empire

6. Why did Rome fall? Possible Reasons for the Fall of Rome:
1. Christianity weakened the Roman military (How?)
2. Increase in non-Italians gaining power (How?)
3. Lead poisoning in water system (How?)
4. Plague killed 10% of population
5. Lack of technological advancement (Why?)
6. Inability to create working political system (Why?)

7. Chapter 8: Emerging Europe
Age of Charlemagne

8. The Germanic Kingdoms Kingdom of the Franks Clovis (466-511AD)
First Germanic king to convert to Catholicism
Prayed to Christ during a losing battle
Enemies fled and he converted
Conversion gave him support from other Catholic kingdoms
Expanded kingdom from Pyrenees to modern day France
Sons carved up kingdom after death into 3 regions

9. German Society Family Wergild
Based around extended family including grandparents and cousins
Male dominant. Woman obeys oldest male
Wergild
System of fines for bloodshed
Certain crimes cost certain amount paid to family of the victim
Tried to eliminate revenge

10. The Carolingian Empire
Charlemagne (reigned: AD)
Grandson of Charles Martel (defeater of Muslims)
Covered most of Central and Western Europe
German counts ran parts of kingdom
Missi dominici made sure they were following rules
800AD: Emperor of the Romans
Showed strength of enduring idea
Empire expanded beyond Mediterranean world
Carolingian Renaissance
Educational revival
Renewed interest in Latin and Greek works

11. Chapter 8: Byzantine Empire

12. Justinian and Eastern Roman EmpireAD
Wanted to re-establish the Roman Empire
552AD: Empire expanded to Italy, North Africa, and Spain
After his death, his empire slowly fell apart piece by piece
The Body of Civil Law
Extension of Roman law
Became the code of law for the Eastern Roman Empire
Simplified version of Roman law

13. Creation of Byzantine Empire
Grew out of Eastern Roman Empire
Early threats from Arabs brought together by Islam
636AD: loss of Syria and Palestine
679AD: loss of the Bulgarian empire
Byzantine Empire (8th century-1453AD)
Unique combo of Greek and Christian ideas
Greek became official language
Architecture done in honor of the Christian faith
Role of Emperor
Chosen by God
Patriarch of the church

14. Byzantine Empire Economy Hippodrome Exchange between East and West
Major goods exchanged:
Silk
Ivory
Furs
Jewelry
Spices
Hippodrome
Central amphitheater
Held up to 60K
Gladiator fights and chariot races

15. New Problems
Schisms
A split between the Western Catholic Church and the Eastern Orthodox Church
Emperor Leo III
Outlawed the use of icons (religious images)
Felt people were worshipping them too much
1054AD
Pope Leo IX and Michael Cerularius (head of Byzantine Church)
Excommunicate each other