1. Unit 1: Navigation

2. What is Navigation?
Navigation is the process of monitoring and controlling the movement of a craft or vehicle from one place to another
It involves:
Gathering information from sources
Evaluating the information
Making decisions based on the information

3. Navigation techniques vary with the type of vessel, conditions and the navigators experience
Navigation is both a science and an art that takes knowledge, skill and practice

4. Types of Navigation There are 6 main types of navigation:
Dead Reckoning
Piloting
Celestial Navigation
Radio Navigation
Radar Navigation
Satellite Navigation

5. 1. Dead Reckoning (DR)
the process of estimating your position by advancing a known position using course, speed, time and distance to be traveled.
In other words figuring out where you will be at a certain time if you hold the speed, time and course you plan to travel.

6. 2. Piloting
Piloting involves navigating in restricted waters with frequent determination of position relative to geographic and hydrographic features.
This method is used when in sight of land

7. 3. Celestial Navigation
uses "sights," or angular measurements taken between a celestial body (the sun, the moon, a planet or a star) and the visible horizon to locate one's position on the globe, on land as well as at sea.

8. 4. Radio Navigation
uses radio frequencies to determine position on Earth.
The basic principles are measurements from/to electric beacons, especially:
Directions
Distances
Velocity (partly)

9. 5. Radar Navigation
Uses a radar to determine the distance from or, bearing of, objects whose position is known.

10. 6. Satellite Navigation
Uses artificial earth satellite systems, such as GPS, to determine position.

11. Maps & Charts

12. Map A map is a visual representation of an area
It represents selected features of the Earth's surface, drawn to scale.

13. Maps Include The graphic representations on maps may consist of:
Lines and symbols of various colors
Drawings of landforms
Photographs with the additions of lines and colors to emphasize features
Maps show land areas, political subdivisions, and topography.

14. Scale
Many, but not all, maps are drawn to a scale, expressed as a ratio such as 1:10,000
This means that 1 of any unit of measurement on the map corresponds to 10,000 of that same unit on the ground.

15. Political vs Physical Maps
Most maps of the world or large areas are either political or physical
Political maps show territorial borders
Physical maps show features of geography such as mountains, soil type or land use

16. Political Map of Canada

17. Physical Map of Canada

18. Charts
A chart is a special-purpose map, generally designed for a form of navigation, such as sea navigation.
A nautical chart is a graphic representation of a sea area and adjacent coastal regions.

19. Depending on the scale of the chart, it may show:
Depths of the water
Heights of land
Natural features of the seabed
Details of coastline
Navigational hazards
Locations of natural and man-made navigational aids