1. Preserving Civil War Battlefields: A Legacy for Virginia’s Future Presentation to the Civil War Sesquicentennial Commission November 17, 2008 By Kathleen S. Kilpatrick Director and SHPO Virginia Department of Historic Resources

2. Preserving a Legacy Gift to future generations Gift to future generations Broad public benefit: Broad public benefit: Tourism/Economy Environmental—Open space, water quality Education Defining chapter in national struggle for freedom Defining chapter in national struggle for freedom Cedar Creek

3. The Process: Ensuring Public Benefit Established rigorous criteria based on significance, threat, public benefit, willing seller Established rigorous criteria based on significance, threat, public benefit, willing seller Affirmative recruitment Affirmative recruitment Encouraged the “best of the best”—significant battles; high preservation and education impactEncouraged the “best of the best”—significant battles; high preservation and education impact Discouraged unlikely competitorsDiscouraged unlikely competitors Brandy Station –Then & Now

4. The Results: Protection for 1571 Acres of Important Battlefield Lands 21 tracts on 15 different battlefields 21 tracts on 15 different battlefields 3 easements and 19 fee simple purchases3 easements and 19 fee simple purchases Distributed around the Commonwealth Distributed around the Commonwealth Partnerships with 4 non- profit organizations Partnerships with 4 non- profit organizations 2-1 Match means a cost to the Commonwealth of less than $3,500 per acre 2-1 Match means a cost to the Commonwealth of less than $3,500 per acre

5. Battlefields Protected Show the Scope of the War Spans the War from Cross Keys in the Shenandoah Campaign in June 1862 to the War’s end at Appomattox in April 1865 Spans the War from Cross Keys in the Shenandoah Campaign in June 1862 to the War’s end at Appomattox in April 1865 Cavalry charges at Brandy Station, Cedar Creek and Trevilian station Cavalry charges at Brandy Station, Cedar Creek and Trevilian station Lines of defense (Fisher’s Hill, Cold Harbor, Malvern Hill, 1 st and 2 nd Deep Bottom) Lines of defense (Fisher’s Hill, Cold Harbor, Malvern Hill, 1 st and 2 nd Deep Bottom) Avenues of retreat (Sailor’s Creek, Appomattox Station) Avenues of retreat (Sailor’s Creek, Appomattox Station) Confederate artillery crews dismantle their own guns at Appomattox Station Cross Keys looking toward the Union position from the 15 th Alabama lines

6. Taking the Next Steps Confirm match and award funds for lands already purchased Confirm match and award funds for lands already purchased Ensure prospective purchases completed within 6 months Ensure prospective purchases completed within 6 months Negotiate and execute easements to protect the Commonwealth’s long term interest Negotiate and execute easements to protect the Commonwealth’s long term interest First Deep Bottom Dunn’s Farm/Trevilian Station

7. Milestones Along A Path Nationwide 30 acres of Civil War battlefield land are lost every day Nationwide 30 acres of Civil War battlefield land are lost every day Threats are unrelenting (e.g. “Wilderness Walmart”, Chemstone Quarry) Threats are unrelenting (e.g. “Wilderness Walmart”, Chemstone Quarry) Roughly 50,000 acres identified as “left to save” Roughly 50,000 acres identified as “left to save” Continuing studies broaden the field (e.g. Buckland and Unison) Continuing studies broaden the field (e.g. Buckland and Unison) Cold Harbor Reenactment of the Battle of Unison