1. Do Now:
"Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tossed to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door!"
What are the theme, tone, and message of this poem?
Why do people want to come to America?
To what extent do we still believe this in the United States?

2. Political Machines in the Gilded Age
Immigrants and
Political Machines in the Gilded Age
analyze social issues affecting immigrants;
describe the optimism of the many immigrants who sought a better life in America;
analyze the causes and effects of changing demographic patterns resulting from legal and illegal immigration to the United States.

3. The Gilded Age: Immigrant life SE’s: 3C,3D: Analyze social issues affecting women, minorities, children, immigrants, urbanization, the Social Gospel, and philanthropy of industrialist; Describe the optimism of the many immigrants who sought a better life in America.

4. Art Work Analysis What was the center of the people's attention in it?
Who were these people?
How did they dress?
Where did they come from?
What languages did they probably speak?
What religions did they probably practice?
What would their socioeconomic status probably be in their home countries?
Why did they come to America?
Around what time did they come?
From where did they enter the United States?
What their experience was like when they first arrived in the U.S.?

5. Check for Understanding - Why do people immigrate?
Push Factors: Reasons why migrants leave their homelands.
Pull Factors: Reasons why migrants are attracted to certain areas.

6. Three Waves of U.S. Immigration
First Wave (Old Immigrants)
Second Wave (New Immigrants)
Third Wave (Newest Immigrants) 1965-Present

7. First Wave (Old) Immigrants
Arrived:
Origins: Ireland & Germany
Most were Catholic
Push Factors: Potato Famine, Religious & Political Persecution and Instability
Pull Factors: Jobs in northeastern factories
A Nativist Political Cartoon

8. Discrimination Against Asians
Chinese laborers recruited for railroad construction in the West
excluded from mining
Chinese Exclusion Act (1882): Prohibited Chinese & Korean Immigration to U.S.
Gentlemen’s Agreement (1907): Japan would not allow its citizens to migrate to the U.S.
By Thomas Nast (1882)

9. Who were these people? Second Wave (New) Immigrants
Arrived
Origins: Southern & Eastern Europe
Diverse Languages & Religions (Catholic, Jewish, & Eastern Orthodox)
Push Factors: Religious persecution, economic & politicl instability
Pull Factors: Jobs created by industrialization

10. U.S. Government Immigration Policy during the Gilded Age
“Open” Immigration Policy ( , with the exception of Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882)
For most of American history, the U.S. maintained a policy of open immigration. This meant that just about anyone was allowed to come. This was mainly intended to provide the U.S. with a large, cheap labor force. The continuous flood of immigrants kept wages low.

11. Chinese Exclusion Act (1882)
White workers in the West were angered that Chinese immigrants often worked for lower wages. This, combined with anti-Asian racism, led states like California to lobby for formal restrictions on Chinese “coolie” labor. This was the first major restriction on immigration to the United States.

12. Guided Practice
Based on your individual notes, with your shoulder partner create a graphic organizer (e.g., a Venn Diagram) to compare and contrast the similarities and differences between the Old Immigrants and New Immigrants in terms of their national origins, social and cultural characteristics, time and reasons for immigration.
On the back explain why the U.S. government placed few restrictions on immigration during the 1800's.

13. Second Wave Immigration 1880-1920: From which region did the most new immigrants come?

14. Check for Understaning
The Gilded Age: Impact of Immigrants on population.
In her poem “The New Colossus” inscribed on the base of the statue of liberty, Emma Lazarus writes: "Give me your tired, your poor, Your huddled masses yearning to breathe free, The wretched refuse of your teeming shore. Send these, the homeless, tempest-tost to me. I lift my lamp beside the golden door!" The idea expressed is one of welcoming and openness to immigrants from all over the globe, a policy followed by the United States in the late 1800’s, in an efforts to fuel the demand for unskilled workers created by our rapid industrial growth during this time.

15. The Gilded Age: Immigrant Life: Ellis Island
Ellis Island = This was the entry point of most immigrants coming in from Europe. All immigrants had to stop here before setting foot on United States soil. Immigrants had their names changed. They had medical examinations, failed, denied entry or quarantined. Once approved, you would then be ferried to the City of New York.

16. The Gilded Age: Immigrant Life: Angel Island
Angel Island = This was the entry point of most immigrants coming in from Asia. It was the equivalent to Ellis Island on the West Coast of the United States. All immigrants had to stop here before setting foot on United States soil. Once approved, you would be ferried onto San Francisco, California.

17. The Gilded Age: Immigrant Life: Southwest
Southwest = This has always been the entry point for people from Mexico, central and Latin American Countries. No specific port of entry due to proximity and history.

18. Check for Understanding
Have you ever gone to a party (or other places) and discovered that you do not know a single person? How did it make you feel?
Do you trust people that do not look or think like you do?
Consider this - You and your family are moving to Italy. How do you feel about it? Predict the issues you will face when you get there.

19. The Gilded Age: Reaction of Immigrants coming to America.
Immigration prior to 1890 = Most worked as laborers, were skilled and mostly Anglo-Saxon. Many settled the West. Those from northern Europe settled in eastern cities.
New immigrants after 1890= there was an influx of immigrants from Eastern Europe who came with different languages and cultures. They suffered discrimination.

20. The Gilded Age: Impact of Immigrants on population.
Immigration to the United States: 1. expanded population of eastern cities due to large immigrant populations that sought work in cities and factories (late 19th and early 20th centuries Growth of the Pacific Coast due to immigration from Asia. (Chinese) Changing population of the Southwest (Texas to California) due to the influx of immigrants from Mexico and Central America Expansion of the farm population of the Southwest over time as agriculture developed and depended on immigrant and migrant labor.

21. The Gilded Age: Impact of Immigrants on population.
Treatment of minorities = Most minorities were denied civil rights. Child Labor = Industry preference for minimally paid child labor led to laws against the use of children in factories and jobs. Growth of Cities = Problems of overcrowding, inadequate infrastructure, crime, pollution, disease, education, and efficient local government were created.

22. The Gilded Age: Nativism becomes an issue.
Nativism = Anti-Immigrant feelings. This becomes an issue as immigrants begin coming to America. Immigrants were treated with suspicion, disrespect, discrimination, up to and including hatred. It was believed that they would destroy the way of American life in the United States with their way of thinking and culture.

23. Nativism Nativism: Anti-Immigrant Feelings
The Know Nothings: Anti-Immigrant Group in the 1850s… mainly targeted Irish & Germans
Anti-Chinese discrimination & violence in the 1880s
The Ku Klux Klan: In the 1920s, northern faction mainly targeted immigrants (mainly Catholics & Jews)
The Quota Acts were clear examples of Nativist legislation.

24. Open Ended Response
What type of impact did immigrants have on the populations of the United States?
What type of discrimination would immigrants have faced during the Gilded Age as a result of Nativism?

25. Check for Understanding
How would the New Immigrants have adjusted to the new life in America?
Predict - Who could be actually "nice" and "helpful" to the New Immigrants when they first arrived in those port of entry cities?
What kind of help and services the New Immigrants would really need when they first arrived?

26. Role of the Political Boss
Gilded Age: Political Machines
Role of the Political Boss
William Marcy Tweed
The “City Boss” (typically the mayor) controlled jobs, business licenses, and influenced the court system. He was the leader of the machine. Remember, a machine is not necessary made out of iron and steel. It can be someone or group of people that can make things happen through their influence. (social, political, or economic.)
Boss Tweed ran NYC

27. Gilded Age: Political Machines
Targets of political Machines, who did they try to get to join them?
Immigrants = They were urban, lower-class people were natural allies of the political machines.

28. Gilded Age: Political Machines
What did the political machines offer those that were considered natural allies of the political machines?
1. Food 2. Jobs 3. Housing 4. Naturalization Process 5. Better standard of living 6. Protection

29. Gilded Age: Political Machines
What did the Political machines get in return for helping immigrants?
1. Loyalty 2. Vote(s) 3. Allegiance 4. Political Power 5. Longevity 6. Cheap Labor

30. What political machines got?
Name: ____________________________ U.S. History Date: ___________________
Teacher Period: ____________
Political Machine Thinking Map/Web
What political machines got?
What immigrants got?
Can a political machine work in today’s society? _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________

31. Gilded Age: Political Machines
Graft = any type of illegal and unethical use of political influence for personal gain. Kickbacks = illegal payments for services

32. Gilded Age: Political Machines
Who exposed the political machines in New York City?
Thomas Nast =
cartoonist for New York Times and Harper’s Weekly. His cartoons revealed corruption of Tweed. This made Tweed angry. He did a cartoon about Tweed. Tweed was convicted and jailed. Tweed escaped to Spain. But was captured with the use of a Nast cartoon. Tweed was imprisoned again in the U. S. and died in 1878.

33. Gilded Age: Political Machines What cartoon techniques did Thomas Nast use?
Famous cartoon that got Boss Tweed arrested in Spain and brought back to America and put in jail again. Worked well because most of his supporters couldn’t read. “He did it”.

34. Independent Practice
Based on your individual notes and use some of the techniques you have learned from Thomas Nast’s cartoons, with your shoulder partner create a political cartoon to depict a scandal that you know of and think is significant.

35. Closure!
IN YOUR JOURNAL PLEASE DO THE FOLLOWING:
Prediction: Now predict what needs to be done to solve the problems created by the political machines.