1. Performance Validation of Mobile IP Wireless Networks Presented by Syed Shahzad Ali Advisor Dr. Ravi Pendse

2. Agenda Objective Motivation Introduction Problems : IP Addresses, Location, Routing Solution: Mobile IP Protocol Ns-2 test-bed and results Router’s Lab setup Test-bed and result Future Work

3. Objective Performance validation of mobile IP based wireless networks by collecting results on NS-2 simulator and by working in the LAB. Validate the effects of mobility on the transport layer Implement a test bed for the measurement of various parameters that might impact wireless network performance

4. Motivation Increasing mobile workforce Dramatic improvement in size, weight, and sophistications of notebook computers To correctly predict current and future use of Internet technology

5. Wireless Networking Wireless networking is the use of Radio Frequency (RF) technology to connect workstations in a Local Area Network (LAN) or LAN's in a Wide Area Network (WAN). This technology allows ethernet speed with a limited or no wired connections. It transmits and receives information over the air.

6. What is Mobile IP? MIP defines how MN change their Point Of Attachment to the Internet without changing their IP address Each MN is always identified by its home IP address HA sends datagrams for MN through a tunnel to the COA No protocol enhancement is required in other hosts or routers

7. Routing decisions are based upon the network-prefix portion of the IP Destination Address What if Node Moves 10.10.0.1/16 130.10.1.0/24 Router

8. Problem Due to Mobility Internet Mobile Node 130.1.1.1 130.1.x.x A A B B C C D D ? 130.1.1.1 Route Next 130.1.x.x B Route Next 130.1.x.x B Route Next 130.1.x.x A Route Next 130.1.x.x A CN Internet 130.1.x.x ABC D Route Next 130.1.x.x B Route Next 130.1.x.x B Route Next 130.1.x.x A Route Next 130.1.x.x A CN

9. Mobile IP Process Agent Discovery to find Agent Home agent and foreign agents periodically advertise agent advertisements They also respond to solicitation from mobile node Mobile Node selects an agent and uses Care- Of-Address for further communication

10. IP Address associated with a mobile node that is visiting a foreign network It generally changes every time MN moves from one foreign network to another A FA COA can be any one of the FA’s IP Address A FA COA can be shared by many MN simultaneously Care-Of-Address

11. Mobile IP Process (Contd.) Registration Mobile Node registers its COA with home agent either directly or through foreign agent. Home agent then sends a reply back to mobile node via FA about successful COA registration Each mobility binding has a negotiated life time limit To continue further working in FN, registration must be done within lifetime

12. Overview of Mobile IP Functionality 1. MN discovers agent 2. MN obtains COA (Care Of Address) 3. MN registers with HA 4. HA tunnels packets from CN to MN 5. FA forwards packets from MN to CN HA FA 1. and 2. 3. MN CN 5. 4.

13. Encapsulation/ Tunneling Home Agent Intercepts mobile node’s datagrams and forwards them to COA Home Agent tells all hosts to send mobile node’s datagram to it Home Agent then send it to FA via Tunnel Decapsulation: Datagram is extracted by FA and sent to mobile node

14. Encapsulation/Tunneling IP Cloud Home Network New Network/Foreign Network Home Agent Foreign Agent Mobile Node Correspondent Node Tunnel

15. Network Simulators Simulation: a common technique used by researchers Test scenarios that yet not occurred in real world Predict performance to aid technology design Improve validation of the behavior of existing protocols

16. NS-2 Simulator Object oriented, discrete event simulator NS development is supported by DARPA (Defense Advanced Research Project Agency) NS-2 is written in C++ and Otcl (Object tool command language) Network scenarios are written into Tcl language Large and complex trace files are generated Software package extracts the data from trace file Complicated and long process

17. Trace File Format r 68.423159 3 1 tcp 1020 ------- 2 0.0.0.1 2.0.0.1 6319 12983 + 68.423159 1 2 tcp 1020 ------- 2 0.0.0.1 2.0.0.1 6319 12983 - 68.423159 1 2 tcp 1020 ------- 2 0.0.0.1 2.0.0.1 6319 12983 r 68.423209029 _6_ AGT --- 12976 tcp 1000 [a2 3 1 800] ------- [0:0 4194305:2 28 4194305] [6316 0] 1 0 s 68.423209029 _6_ AGT --- 12996 ack 40 [0 0 0 0] ------- [4194305:2 0:0 32 0] [6316 0] 0 0 r 68.423346 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6313 12989 + 68.423346 2 1 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6313 12989 - 68.423346 2 1 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6313 12989 r 68.424037 0 1 tcp 1000 ------- 2 0.0.0.0 1.0.1.2 6322 12988 + 68.424037 1 3 tcp 1000 ------- 2 0.0.0.0 1.0.1.2 6322 12988 - 68.424037 1 3 tcp 1000 ------- 2 0.0.0.0 1.0.1.2 6322 12988 + 68.424559 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6314 12990 - 68.424559 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6314 12990 r 68.425271 2 1 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6311 12984 + 68.425271 1 0 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6311 12984 - 68.425271 1 0 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6311 12984 + 68.425611 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6315 12992 - 68.425611 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6315 12992 r 68.426802 2 1 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6312 12986 + 68.426802 1 0 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6312 12986 - 68.426802 1 0 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6312 12986 + 68.427576 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6316 12996 - 68.427576 4 2 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6316 12996 r 68.428204 1 0 ack 60 ------- 2 1.0.1.2 0.0.0.0 6307 12977 + 68.428204 0 1 tcp 1000 ------- 2 0.0.0.0 1.0.1.2 6327 12997

18. Network Setup (NS-2) MN HAFA1 FA2 TCP Source

19. Test Bed Setup Flow

20. Results NS-2

21. Result NS-2 (cont.)

22. Result NS-2 (Contd.)

23. Lab Setup Server FA1 FA2 R2 10.x 11.x 13.x 12.x 15.x 16.x 17.x Client HA

24. Lab Results

25. Lab Results (Cont.)

26. Lab Results (Contd.)

27. 1MB Bandwidth

28. 5.5 MB Bandwidth

29. 11 MB Bandwidth

30. 1 MB Bandwidth

31. 5.5 MB Bandwidth

32. 11 MB Bandwidth

33. Conclusion Overall comparison shows that results are almost same so we can rely on simulator to predict mobile IP wireless networks In lowest bandwidths, tunnel overhead is more than 50% of the overall network latency During roaming packets are lost and retransmitted

34. Conclusion (cont.) Latencies values in lab setup are higher than collected from NS-2 setup In lab handoff was achieved between networks by changing SSID of mobile node In NS-2 handoff is based on received signal power strength Network performance improved when high bandwidths are used

35. Conclusion Strict separation between layer 2 and layer 3 results in increased network latencies Mobile node may only communicate with a directly connected FA MN may only begin registration process after layer 2 handoff to a new FA is completed The registration process takes some time to complete. During this time MN is not able to send or receive IP packets

36. Future Work In this research the correspondent node was stationary. A study can be done where CN is also mobile Study can be done to determine and validate performance with more number of mobile nodes Real time traffic using RTP protocol may be realized

37. Thank you very much for attending the presentation Questions?