1. Thursday October 11, 2012 (Review of the Structure of the Periodic Table; WS – The Periodic Table)

2. Bell Ringer Thursday, 10-11-12 Which elements on the Periodic Table have specific names, and what are those names? Group 1 (except hydrogen )the Alkali Metals Group 2the Alkaline-Earth Metals Groups 3-12the Transition Metals Group 17the Halogens Group 18the Nobel Gases Top row of the f-blockThe Lanthanides Bottom row of the f-blockThe Actinides

3. Some elements have special names Alkali metals Alkaline-Earth metals Transition metals Halogens Noble Gases

4. Bell Ringer Thursday, 10-11-12 How many valence electrons (electrons in the atom’s highest energy level) do the main-block elements have? Group 11 Group 22 Group 133 Group 144 Group 155 Group 166 Group 177 Group 188

5. Number of Highest Energy Level (Valence) Electrons (Main Blocks Only) 1 2345 67 8

6. Bell Ringer Thursday, 10-11-12 What are the oxidation states of the main-block elements? Group 11+ Group 22+ Group 133+ Group 144+/- Group 153- Group 162- Group 171- Group 180

7. Oxidation State (Main Blocks Only) 1+ 2+3+ 4+/- 3- 2-1- 0

8. Announcements Happy Autumn

9. Assignment Currently Open Summative or Formative? Date IssuedDate Due Date Into GradeSpeed Final Day Project - History of Atomic Structure Research S 1 & 29/2710/510/11 QUIZ 5S79/28 10/12 QUIZ 6S310/5 10/19

10. The Modern Periodic Table Today, the Periodic Table is an arrangement of the elements in order of their atomic numbers so that elements with similar properties fall in the same column, or group.

11. Periods and Blocks Elements are arranged in vertical columns, or groups, based upon similar chemical properties. Elements are arranged in horizontal rows, or periods, based upon the energy level of their outermost electrons. There are 18 groups and 7 periods in the modern Periodic Table

12. Periods and Blocks How to determine the PT position of a main-block element from its electron configuration: Example) Chlorine (Cl) ‏ 1s 2, 2s 2, 2p 6, 3s 2, 3p 5 The highest main energy level that chlorine has electrons in is level 3, therefore chlorine must be in period 3. Chlorine’s electron configuration notation ends in p 5 – the only group that does this is group 17.

13. Periods and Blocks s-block metals Groups 1 & 2 Group 1 – highly reactive alkali metals Group 2 – reactive alkaline-earth metals also includes helium These elements have only 1 or 2 electrons in their highest energy level, so they lose these electrons in order to become stable. These elements usually bond ionically instead of covalently.

14. Periods and Blocks p-block elements Groups 13 - 18, except He. Composed of metals, metalloids, and non-metals Together with s-block elements are called “main-block” elements. Have anywhere from 3 to 8 electrons in highest energy level.

15. Periods and Blocks Hydrogen Is placed above group 1, but doesn’t share properties with group 1 metals. Hydrogen is a non-metal with some unique properties. Helium Is a Noble gas like groups 18 elements, but is considered to be in the s-block b/c of its 2 electrons in highest energy level. Like all Noble gases, helium is stable and non-reactive. non-metal elements with some exceptions

16. Periods and Blocks d-block metals The d-block begins to fill after the 4s sub-level. These are the transition metals. They are usually shiny and are good conductors of electricity and heat. They are less reactive than the metals in groups 1 and 2.

17. Periods and Blocks p-block elements Group 17 contains the halogens, which are highly reactive non-metals. They have 7 electrons in their outer-most energy, which caused their reactivity. The halogens react with metals to form salts. Some are gases at room temperature, while others are solids or liquids. Metalloids Brittle solids that have intermediate properties between metals and non-metals

18. The Noble Gases The Nobel gases are found in group 18. They all have a full compliment of 8 electrons in their outer-most energy level, which makes them stable and non-reactive. They are all gases at room temperature.

19. Periods and Blocks f - block metals Lanthanides 14 elements located in the upper row of the f-block This row fits between Groups 3 and 4 in the 6 th Period. These are shiny metals similar in reactivity to Group 2.

20. Periods and Blocks f - block metals Actinides 14 elements located in the lower row of the f-block This row fits between Groups 3 and 4 in the 7 th Period. These metals are all radioactive.