1. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® Scott Finlinson & Liz Ortiz Bringing Hands-on Energy Conservation into the Classroom through Performance Contracting

2. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 1 Energy related capital improvements paid from energy and operating cost savings Guaranteed performance Improvements without capital Leverage operating budget Cash flow positive transaction How it works Energy Performance Contracting

3. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 2 Building Changes –New Lighting Systems and Controls –Water Conservation –Computer Controls Energy Conservation Measures (ECMs)

4. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 3 Uncommon Energy Conservation Measure The “People Side” of Performance Contracting Holistic Approach – PC is a Green Opportunity ECTBC: Awareness-Communication Activities Custom-Tailored Behavior Change Program Longitudinal Assessment - Human Energy Factors

5. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 4 “Your School Name Here” is Becoming a GREENSCHOOL So… Why am I here talking with you?

6. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 5 Your ECMs  New Lighting Systems and Controls  Energy Management System  Water Conservation  Window Replacement  Solar Pool Heater  Insulated Roof at Keystone Field House  Weatherization  Steam Trap Repair  Infiltration Control  Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change®

7. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 6 People Changes Awareness, Communication, Sustainability Energy Conservation Measures

8. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 7 Significant Energy Savings Annual Projected Energy Reductions: Electricity = 2.5 M kWh Water/Sewer = 605 kGals (605,000 gallons)

9. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 8 Saving 2.5 Million kWh of Electricity Annual Emissions Avoided: 2,958,665 lbs CO 2 4,261 lbs NO X 15,587 lbs SO X

10. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 9 2.5 M kWh GHG Equivalencies CO2 emissions from the electricity use of 178 homes for 1 year or Carbon sequestered annually by 305 acres of pine forests or CO2 emissions from burning 7 railcars’ worth of coal http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html

11. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 10 VA Energy Source to Make Electricity

12. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 11 4,391,498 Lbs of CO 2 (saved every year) Equals: - The CO 2 emitted by burning 226,101 1 gallons of gas - A Toyota Prius could drive around the world 417 times -A Semi Truck (18-wheeler) could drive around the world 45 times -Planting 453 1 acres of trees (~1 2/5 KU campuses) -The Production & Consumption of 457,931 2 Cheeseburgers KU Carbon Footprint Equivalencies 1 http://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.htmlhttp://www.epa.gov/cleanenergy/energy-resources/calculator.html 2 http://openthefuture.com/cheeseburger_CF.htmlhttp://openthefuture.com/cheeseburger_CF.html

13. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 12 GREENGrowing 6 th Grade Students

14. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 13 Bringing Neighbors Together After school workshops on organic agricultural training Urban youth in Buffalo, NY. work community gardens “Green collar” neighborhoods in Detroit

15. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 14 Green Roofs – Sydney, Australia

16. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 15 Vertical Garden Madrid, Spain

17. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 16 GREENVEHICLES Let’s talk about fuel today 7 th Grade Students

18. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 17 A Few Alternative Fuels Biomass Biodiesel or Bioalcohol Non-fossil methane or gasElectricity Batteries Fuel CellsHydrogen All Have “Positives & Negatives”

19. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 18 Wattage Display vs.

20. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 19 Behavior Change Program Different From Organizational Interventions –Energy Consumers aren’t directly at risk or benefit Different From Homeowner Interventions –Consumers aren’t directly responsible for energy costs –Consumers often don’t receive feedback on org. consumption, never on individual consumption Requires Unique Skills and Assets –New to Energy Service Companies

21. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 20 What is Unique Custom-Tailored for Every Client –Comprehensive assessment guides program components –Augment existing green initiatives Social-Cognitive SUSTAINABLE Change –Baseline audit, pre- post-assessment, repeat –Use existing mechanisms where possible –Continuous support and subsequent implementations NOT just “Awareness” - NOT a Competition - NOT Software – NOT the Energy Police

22. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 21 Translate Research Results into Practice Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen & Fishbein, 1980) Reasons Theory (Westaby & Fishbein, 1996) Social Marketing (Kotler & Zaltman, 1971) Finlinson Dissertation (Ohio University, 2003)

23. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 22 Intervention Process Identify the Target Audience (consumes most) Identify the Target Behaviors (voluntary) *Identify Factors Driving the Target Behaviors* Change Undesirable Factors through Intervention Assess Program Effectiveness, Modify, Repeat

24. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 23 Identify Factors Driving the Target Behaviors Q. Why don’t you turn off the lights? Q. Why don’t you turn off the lights? A. Because the dorm is haunted. A. Because the dorm is haunted.

25. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 24 Identify Factors Driving the Target Behaviors Q. List reasons why you do/do not conserve? A. I turn ON the AC when I leave and OFF when I return because I don’t like the noise.

26. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 25 Identify Factors Driving the Target Behaviors Q. List reasons why you do/do not conserve? A. I turn ON the fan when I leave and turn it OFF when I return because I don’t like the breeze.

27. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 26 Identify Factors Driving the Target Behaviors Q. List reasons why you do/do not conserve? A. I turn on the faucet full blast when I tinkle to make cover noise.

28. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 27 Identify Factors Driving the Target Behaviors Q. List reasons why you do/do not conserve? A. It is my “right” to use as much energy as I want. I paid for it.

29. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 28 Objective Pilot Results - Electricity KWH 2002 2003 2002 2003 Residence Halls With ECI Residence Halls Without ECI

30. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 29 Objective Pilot Results - Water Kgals 2002 2003 2002 2003 Residence Halls With ECI Residence Halls Without ECI

31. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 30 UMW Behaviors Survey Data % Increase: 29% 33% 11% 18% 4% 1% 7% 6% 2% + 12.33% Average Behavior Change

32. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 31 Kutztown Pilot Study Meter Data

33. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 32 First-Year & Second-Year Comparison Year 1 Pre/Post Change +12.3% Year 2 Pre/Post Change +4.2% Year 1 vs. 2 Post Change +9 % Target Behaviors +18.5%

34. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 33 Surveys-to-Meters Correlations = 38 gals and 1.12 kWh per student per week $61K utilities 240 metric tons of CO 2 ~ 12.33%

35. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 34 4 Components of Environmental Initiative 1. 1. Reduce Behavior change 2. 2. Reuse Retrofit buildings 3. 3. Recycle/Compost Increase effectiveness 4. 4. Dispose Trash, landfills, waste storage or incineration

36. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 35 Trayless Dining = Reduce Reduce water use to clean trays Reduce energy used to heat the water Reduce dish detergent, sanitizer, chemicals Reduce food waste Reduce trash to landfill Reduce dining services workload Reduce manufacture of new trays Reduce carbon footprint Reduce impact on environment

37. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 36 Reduce Costs and Waste In 2008: ARAMARK audits 186,000 trayless meals @ 25 institutions On average: 25-30% reduction in food waste 1.2–1.8 ounces less food per person per meal 1/3 to 1/2 gallons water avoidance per tray Reduced cleaning agents and waste removal

38. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 37 Specific Reduced Costs and Waste SDSU ~$0.23 cents per meal in raw food cost –Upgraded menu: more fish, organic salad bar, atmosphere U Maine = 46 lbs food per person per year –Saved $57,000 Grand Valley State = 56 lbs food p.p.p.y. –Saved $79,000

39. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 38 LEED – ID Points Union Kempsville School and the History of Energy Conservation LEED-Building Occupant Behavior Internship or Co-OP Program Geo-Thermal as Job Prep for an HVAC Occupation

40. Energy Conservation Through Behavior Change ® 39 We’re All Climate Connected - GHG