1. GLO 1 – Earth Surface There are 32 questions on this test: A Model of the Earth – Questions 1 – 8 Sudden Changes – Questions 9 – 24 Gradual Transitions – Questions 25 – 32 Each slide is timed to change automatically You will have 45 seconds to complete each question Following the last slide on this test – Question 32 Follow your teacher’s instructions to score and record the test. All of your answers should be recorded on the Student Response Form – PE75-1

2. Question 1 Scientists estimate the age of the Earth to be about 4.6 billion years old, using evidence and theories. Then they construct a model of what the Earth is composed of. A model is based on what is … A. known B. proven C. inferred D. observed Question 2 A scientist who studies the Earth is called a …. A. geologist B. meteorologist C. palaeontologist D. environmentalist Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – A Model of the Earth

3. Question 3 Compared to the other layers of the Earth, the crust, at a temperature of 5 o C is... A. thicker than the upper mantle B. thicker than the lower mantle C. thicker than any other layer D. thinner than all the layers Question 4 In order for scientists to study - first hand - the composition of the core of the Earth, they would have to travel 1700 times the depth of the deepest mine in the world. The deepest mine is in South Africa and it reaches a depth of 3.8 kms. What is mined there? A. coal B. gold C. silver D. diamonds GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – A Model of the Earth Slide will change automatically

4. Question 5 The temperature in the deepest parts of these types of mines protects miners from cold. This is because the deeper the mine gets the closer to the core it is. The normal temperature in these deep mines is … A. 15 o C B. 19 o C C. 29 o C D. 35 o C Question 6 The core of the Earth is made up of two layers. The inner core, which is made up of nickel and iron reaching temperatures of 7000 o C, because of the pressure of the other layers on this inner core, it is … A. solid B. liquid C. molten D. crystal Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – A Model of the Earth

5. Question 7 Which of the following foods would likely be the best one to use - to model the different layers of the Earth … A. kiwi B. apple C. peach D. orange Question 8 The Earth is made up of many different layers. They vary in composition and thickness. The thickest layer is the … A. crust B. mantle C. inner core D. outer core Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – A Model of the Earth

6. Question 9 The largest earthquake recorded in Canada was off the coast of British Columbia. It was ~9 in magnitude. The reason this is just an estimation is because … A. the seismograph was turned off B. seismographs were not invented yet C. the earthquake destroyed the seismic equipment D. there was nobody around to read the seismogram Question 10 It is likely that San Diego would be able to get early warnings of possible earthquakes in the area because of this facility... A. San Diego Zoo B. San Diego Observatory C. Pacific Climatology Center D. California Emergency Response Center Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

7. Question 11 The pressure under the earth's crust can cause it to move in different ways. A fault that is caused by a compression force is called a.. A. normal fault B. reverse fault C. strike-slip fault D. transform fault Question 12 The source of an earthquake can be determined by recording the interval time between the p waves and s waves. The first place that rocks break below the surface in an earthquake is called the... A. focus B. fault line C. epicenter D. shadow zone Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

8. Question 13 Scientists study the effect of an earthquake by locating this point, which is the place on the surface that is directly above where the earthquake first began, called the … A. focus B. fault line C. epicentre D. shadow zone Question 14 An earthquake in Japan registers on a seismograph in Winnipeg, Manitoba. This occurs because... A. the core of the earth is liquid B. seismographs anywhere will record all earthquakes C. seismic waves travel through all the layers of the Earth D. the earth's crust is solid, so the surface waves can be recorded anywhere Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

9. Question 15 Seismologists use a special machine that measures earthquakes called the … A. Richter Scale B. Seismogram C. Seismologist D. Seismograph Question 16 In 1935 Charles Richter developed a scale that helped geologists understand the strength or magnitude (intensity) of an earthquake. The scale he developed starts at 0 and each increase of 1 indicates an increase of 10 times the amount of … A. damage B. seismic waves C. ground motion D. fault movement Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

10. Question 17 Volcanoes erupt when they become active. Until an eruption occurs, volcanoes are described as... A. extinct B. dormant C. plugged D. stagnant Question 18 There are a number of volcanoes that border the pacific ocean. These volcanoes are known as the Ring of Fire. The name comes from the fact that these volcanoes erupt with red-hot lava, fire and steam. Most volcanoes in the Ring of fire occur at.. A. conduction zones B. abduction zones C. compression zones D. subduction zones Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

11. Question 19 One of the most dangerous side effects of an erupting volcano is a... A. earthquake B. hurricane C. tornado D. tsunami Question 20 Mt. St. Helens volcano in Washington was thought to be dormant, until it erupted suddenly and caused widespread damage. After the eruption, people who lived in Ontario and Quebec had to clean this off their cars because the prevailing wind carried it that far... A. ash B. lava C. smoke D. volcanic rock Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

12. Question 21 Volcanoes can cool temperatures around the world. Despite the hot temperatures and the destruction they can create at the source, the lowering of world temperatures following a volcanic eruption can be caused by... A. an ash plume causing mudflows B. a rapid lava flow into the ocean C. an ash layer in the atmosphere D. a large number of tsunamis Question 22 A device that geologists use to measure minute changes in the angle of the ground’s slope is called a … A. surveyor’s level B. magmascope C. seismograph D. seismogram Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

13. Question 23 Not many volcanologists use a special suit to study lava up close, but those who do are able to get close enough to the magma flow to make observations, take measurements, or collect gas and lava samples. This special suit is coated with … A. reflective metal B. reflective plastic C. flammable liquid D. fireproof insulation Question 24 Mt. Vesuvius erupted without warning in 79 AD. The volcanic ash completely destroyed the Italian city of … A. Rome B. Sicily C. Atlantis D. Pompeii Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

14. Question 25 Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down by means of water, glacial ice, wind and waves. This process can occur in three ways. Which way described below is incorrect? A. chemically B. biologically C. mechanically D. gravitationally Question 26 Matt found that when he poured water into a crack in a rock sample and froze it, then allowed it to thaw, the crack was actually wider. The type of weathering he investigated was classified as... A. chemical B. biological C. mechanical D. gravitational Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Gradual Transitions

15. Question 27 Evan tested the effects of water on the natural rock samples found in his schoolyard. He tested the rock samples with pure water (pH 6.8), rainwater (pH 4.5) and tap water (pH 6.7). The type of weathering he investigated was classified as... A. chemical B. biological C. mechanical D. gravitational Question 28 On a field trip, the class was amazed, when their teacher pointed out a tree growing in a rock. The roots of the tree had worked their way into the cracks and split the rock in many places. This type of weathering is classified as.. A. chemical B. biological C. mechanical D. gravitational Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Gradual Transitions

16. Question 29 The movement of materials from place to place is called … A. weathering B. deposition C. glaciation D. erosion Question 30 Landslides and rock slides can have devastating effects on the landscape. The Frank Slide is one such example. To study these, scientists are using new technology and sound waves. One of the major forces besides an earthquake responsible for these types of sudden changes is... A. frost wedging B. chinook winds C. acidic rainwater D. gravitational pull Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Gradual Transitions

17. Question 31 A science field trip included a stop at the 'Big Rock' in Okotoks, Alberta. A receding glacier left behind this rock. It is called... A. an abrasion B. a striation C. a moraine D. an erratic Question 32 Abby and Selah were investigating the effects of landforms that have been created by the action of running water. They were told that the Alberta badlands are an example of this type of landform, called... A. fluvial B. bedrock C. striation D. sediment Slide will change automatically GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Gradual Transitions

18. GLO 1 – Earth Surface This is the end of this test: ANSWER KEY A Model of the Earth – Questions 1 – 8 Sudden Changes – Questions 9 – 24 Gradual Transitions – Questions 25 – 32 Follow your teacher’s instructions to score and record the test. The slide will be advanced on the Mouse Click All of your answers should be recorded on the Student Response Form – PE75-1

19. Question 1 Scientists estimate the age of the Earth to be about 4.6 billion years old, using evidence and theories. Then they construct a model of what the Earth is composed of. A model is based on what is … A. known B. proven C. inferred D. observed Question 2 A scientist who studies the Earth is called a …. A. geologist B. meteorologist C. palaeontologist D. environmentalist GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – A Model of the Earth

20. Question 3 Compared to the other layers of the Earth, the crust, at a temperature of 5 o C is... A. thicker than the upper mantle B. thicker than the lower mantle C. thicker than any other layer D. thinner than all the layers Question 4 In order for scientists to study - first hand - the composition of the core of the Earth, they would have to travel 1700 times the depth of the deepest mine in the world. The deepest mine is in South Africa and it reaches a depth of 3.8 kms. What is mined there? A. coal B. gold C. silver D. diamonds GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – A Model of the Earth

21. Question 5 The temperature in the deepest parts of these types of mines protects miners from cold. This is because the deeper the mine gets the closer to the core it is. The normal temperature in these deep mines is … A. 15 o C B. 19 o C C. 29 o C D. 35 o C Question 6 The core of the Earth is made up of two layers. The inner core, which is made up of nickel and iron reaching temperatures of 7000 o C, because of the pressure of the other layers on this inner core, it is … A. solid B. liquid C. molten D. crystal GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – A Model of the Earth

22. Question 7 Which of the following foods would likely be the best one to use - to model the different layers of the Earth … A. kiwi B. apple C. peach D. orange Question 8 The Earth is made up of many different layers. They vary in composition and thickness. The thickest layer is the … A. crust B. mantle C. inner core D. outer core GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – A Model of the Earth

23. Question 9 The largest earthquake recorded in Canada was off the coast of British Columbia. It was ~9 in magnitude. The reason this is just an estimation is because … A. the seismograph was turned off B. seismographs were not invented yet C. the earthquake destroyed the seismic equipment D. there was nobody around to read the seismogram Question 10 It is likely that San Diego would be able to get early warnings of possible earthquakes in the area because of this facility... A. San Diego Zoo B. San Diego Observatory C. Pacific Climatology Center D. California Emergency Response Center GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

24. Question 11 The pressure under the earth's crust can cause it to move in different ways. A fault that is caused by a compression force is called a.. A. normal fault B. reverse fault C. strike-slip fault D. transform fault Question 12 The source of an earthquake can be determined by recording the interval time between the p waves and s waves. The first place that rocks break below the surface in an earthquake is called the... A. focus B. fault line C. epicenter D. shadow zone GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

25. Question 13 Scientists study the effect of an earthquake by locating this point, which is the place on the surface that is directly above where the earthquake first began, called the … A. focus B. fault line C. epicentre D. shadow zone Question 14 An earthquake in Japan registers on a seismograph in Winnipeg, Manitoba. This occurs because... A. the core of the earth is liquid B. seismographs anywhere will record all earthquakes C. seismic waves travel through all the layers of the Earth D. the earth's crust is solid, so the surface waves can be recorded anywhere GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

26. Question 15 Seismologists use a special machine that measures earthquakes called the … A. Richter Scale B. Seismogram C. Seismologist D. Seismograph Question 16 In 1935 Charles Richter developed a scale that helped geologists understand the strength or magnitude (intensity) of an earthquake. The scale he developed starts at 0 and each increase of 1 indicates an increase of 10 times the amount of … A. damage B. seismic waves C. ground motion D. fault movement GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

27. Question 17 Volcanoes erupt when they become active. Until an eruption occurs, volcanoes are described as... A. extinct B. dormant C. plugged D. stagnant Question 18 There are a number of volcanoes that border the pacific ocean. These volcanoes are known as the Ring of Fire. The name comes from the fact that these volcanoes erupt with red-hot lava, fire and steam. Most volcanoes in the Ring of fire occur at.. A. conduction zones B. abduction zones C. compression zones D. subduction zones GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

28. Question 19 One of the most dangerous side effects of an erupting volcano is a... A. earthquake B. hurricane C. tornado D. tsunami Question 20 Mt. St. Helens volcano in Washington was thought to be dormant, until it erupted suddenly and caused widespread damage. After the eruption, people who lived in Ontario and Quebec had to clean this off their cars because the prevailing wind carried it that far... A. ash B. lava C. smoke D. volcanic rock GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

29. Question 21 Volcanoes can cool temperatures around the world. Despite the hot temperatures and the destruction they can create at the source, the lowering of world temperatures following a volcanic eruption can be caused by... A. an ash plume causing mudflows B. a rapid lava flow into the ocean C. an ash layer in the atmosphere D. a large number of tsunamis Question 22 A device that geologists use to measure minute changes in the angle of the ground’s slope is called a … A. surveyor’s level B. magmascope C. seismograph D. seismogram GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

30. Question 23 Not many volcanologists use a special suit to study lava up close, but those who do are able to get close enough to the magma flow to make observations, take measurements, or collect gas and lava samples. This special suit is coated with … A. reflective metal B. reflective plastic C. flammable liquid D. fireproof insulation Question 24 Mt. Vesuvius erupted without warning in 79 AD. The volcanic ash completely destroyed the Italian city of … A. Rome B. Sicily C. Atlantis D. Pompeii GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Sudden Changes

31. Question 25 Weathering is the process by which rocks are broken down by means of water, glacial ice, wind and waves. This process can occur in three ways. Which way described below is incorrect? A. chemically B. biologically C. mechanically D. gravitationally Question 26 Matt found that when he poured water into a crack in a rock sample and froze it, then allowed it to thaw, the crack was actually wider. The type of weathering he investigated was classified as... A. chemical B. biological C. mechanical D. gravitational GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Gradual Transitions

32. Question 27 Evan tested the effects of water on the natural rock samples found in his schoolyard. He tested the rock samples with pure water (pH 6.8), rainwater (pH 4.5) and tap water (pH 6.7). The type of weathering he investigated was classified as... A. chemical B. biological C. mechanical D. gravitational Question 28 On a field trip, the class was amazed, when their teacher pointed out a tree growing in a rock. The roots of the tree had worked their way into the cracks and split the rock in many places. This type of weathering is classified as.. A. chemical B. biological C. mechanical D. gravitational GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Gradual Transitions

33. Question 29 The movement of materials from place to place is called … A. weathering B. deposition C. glaciation D. erosion Question 30 Landslides and rock slides can have devastating effects on the landscape. The Frank Slide is one such example. To study these, scientists are using new technology and sound waves. One of the major forces besides an earthquake responsible for these types of sudden changes is... A. frost wedging B. chinook winds C. acidic rainwater D. gravitational pull GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Gradual Transitions

34. Question 31 A science field trip included a stop at the 'Big Rock' in Okotoks, Alberta. A receding glacier left behind this rock. It is called... A. an abrasion B. a striation C. a moraine D. an erratic Question 32 Abby and Selah were investigating the effects of landforms that have been created by the action of running water. They were told that the Alberta badlands are an example of this type of landform, called... A. fluvial B. bedrock C. striation D. sediment GEOLOGIAL PERSPECTIVES - PLANET EARTHGLO 1 – Gradual Transitions