1. Chapter 20: Regulation of The Eukaryotic Cell Cycle p847

2. OUTLINE 20.1 Overview of the Cell Cycle and Its Control 20.2 Control of Mitosis by Cyclins and MPF Activity 20.3 Cyclin-Dependent Kinase Regulation Duriing Mitosis 20.4 Molecular Mechanisms for Regulating Mitotic Events 20.5 Cyclin CDK and Ubiquitin-Protein Ligase Control of S phase 20.6 Cell-Cycle Control in Mammalian Cells 20.7 Checkpoints in Cell-Cycle Regulation 20.8 Meiosis: A Special Type of Cell Division

3. FIGURE 20-1 The fate of a single parental chromosome throughout the eukaryotic cell cycle

4. Cell Cycle Control

5. EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 20-8 Autoradiography permits the detection of cyclical synthesis and destruction of mitotic cyclin in sea urchin embryos Mitotic Cyclin Was First Identified in Early Sea Urchin Embryos

6. EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 20-8(a) Autoradiography permits the detection of cyclical synthesis and destruction of mitotic cyclin in sea urchin embryos

7. EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 20-8(b) Autoradiography permits the detection of cyclical synthesis and destruction of mitotic cyclin in sea urchin embryos

8. EXPERIMENTAL FIGURE 20-9 Cycling of MPF activity and mitotic events iin Xenopus egg extracts depend on synthesis and degradation of cyclin B Cyclin B Levels and Kinase Activity of Mitosis-Promoting Factor(MPF) Change Together in Cycling Xenopus Egg Extracts

9. FIGURE 20-29 Activity of S.cerevisiae cyclin-CDK complexes through the course of the cell cycle Multiple Cyclins Regulate the Kinase Activity of S.cerevisiae CDK During Different Cell-Cycle Phase

11. Meiosis

12. KEY TERMS cell division 细胞分裂 cell cycle 细胞周期 G1 (first gap) phase G1 期 S (synthetic) phase S 期 G2 phase G2 期 M (mitotic) phase M期M期 prophase 前期 chromatid 染色单体 centromere 着丝粒 interphase 间期 mitotic apparatus 有丝分裂器

13. metaphase 中期 kinetochore 动粒 anaphase 后期 telophase 末期 cytokinesis 细胞浆移动 diploid 双倍体 haploid 单倍体 cyclin-dependent kinase(CDK) temperature-sensitive mutation 温度敏感型突变 zygote 合子 mitosis-promoting factor proteasome 蛋白酶体

14. dominant 显性 nuclear lamina 核纤层 nucleoporin 核孔蛋白 SMC protein S-phase-promoting factor(SPF) replication origin 复制起点 mitogen 有丝分裂原 restriction point 限制性位点 tumor-suppressor gene 肿瘤抑制基因 GTPase superfamily meiosis 减数分裂 recombination 重组

15. crossing over 互换 anaphase-promoting complex(APC/C) APC/C specificity factor Cdc14 phosphatase Cdc14 磷酸酶 Cdc25 phosphatase Cdc25 磷酸酶 CKIs cohesin condensin destruction box E2F factors p53 protein p53 蛋白 quiescent cells 休眠细胞

16. Rb protein Rb 蛋白 SCF securin synapsis 联会 Wee1 protein-tyrosine kinase

17. Chapter 24: Immunology p1055

18. OUTLINE 24.1 Overview of Host Defenses 24.2 Immunoglobulins: Structure and Function 24.3 Generation of Antibody Diversity and B-Cell Development 24.4 The MHC and Antigen Presentation 24.5 T Cell, T-Cell Receptors, and T-Cell Development 24.6 Collaboration of Immune-System Cells in the Adaptive Response

19. FIGURE 24-1 The three layers of vertebrate immune defenses

20. FIGURE 24-2 The circulatory and lymphatic systems Leukocytes Circulate Throughout the Body and Take Up Residence in Tissues and Lymph Nodes 24.1 Overview of Host Defenses

21. FIGURE 24-3 Initiation of the adaptive immune response in lymph nodes

22. Chapter 25: Cancer p1107

23. OUTLINE 25.1 Tumor Cells and the Onset of Cancer 25.2 The Genetic Basis of Cancer 25.3 Oncogenic Mutations in Growth-Promoting Proteins 25.4 Mutations Causing Loss of Growth-Inhibiting and Cell-Cycle Controls 25.5 Carcinogens and Caretaker Genes in Cancer

24. FIGURE 25-1 Overview of changes in cells that cause cancer 25.1 Tumor Cells and the Onset of Cancer

25. FIGURE 25-2(a) Gross and microscopic views of a tumor invading normal liver tissue Metastatic Tumor Cells Are Invasive and Can Spread

26. TGF beta signaling

27. KEY TERMS proto-oncogene 原致癌基因 tumour-suppressor gene 肿瘤抑制基因 oncogene 致癌基因 caretaker gene apoptosis 凋亡 carcinogen 致癌物 clone 克隆 tumor 肿瘤 metastasis 转移 malignant 恶性的 cancer 癌 stem cell 干细胞

28. transformation dominant 显性 Ras protein Ras 蛋白 constitutive p53 protein p53 蛋白 DNA microarray DNA 微阵列 checkpoint autocrine 自分泌 receptor tyrosine kinases(RTKs) restriction point 限制性位点 cyclins 细胞周期蛋白 cyclin-dependent kinases(CDKs) mitogen 有丝分裂元

29. dominant negative 显性负相 programmed cell death 程序性细胞凋亡 aneuploidy 非整倍性 and key terms in page 1146