1. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 3, part 4 An Introduction to The Cellular Level of Organization

2. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Carrier mediated transport Binding and transporting specific ions by integral proteins Cotransport Counter-transport Facilitated diffusion Compounds to be transported bind to a receptor site on a carrier protein transport

3. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.22 Facilitated Diffusion Figure 3.22

4. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Active transport Consumes ATP Independent of concentration gradients Types of active transport include Ion pumps Secondary active transport Active transport

5. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.23 Figure 3.23 The Sodium Potassium Exchange Pump

6. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.24 Figure 3.24 Secondary Active Transport

7. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Endocytosis is movement into the cell Receptor mediated endocytosis (coated vesicles) Pinocytosis Phagocytosis (pseudopodia) Exocytosis is ejection of materials from the cell Vesicular transport: material moves into or out of cells in membranous vesicles

8. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.25 Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis Figure 3.25

9. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.26 Pinocytosis and Phagocytosis Figure 3.26

10. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Difference in electrical potential between inside and outside a cell Undisturbed cell has a resting potential The transmembrane potential

11. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 3-6 The Cell Life Cycle

12. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Cell division is the reproduction of cells Apoptosis is the genetically controlled death of cells Mitosis is the nuclear division of somatic cells Meiosis produces sex cells cell division

13. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Most somatic cells spend the majority of their lives in this phase Interphase includes G1 S G2 Interphase

14. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.27 The Cell Life Cycle Figure 3.27

15. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.28 DNA Replication Figure 3.28

16. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase Mitosis, or nuclear division, has four phases During cytokinesis, the cytoplasm divides and cell division ends

17. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.29 Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis Figure 3.29a-d

18. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 3.29 Interphase, Mitosis, and Cytokinesis Figure 3.29e, f

19. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Generally, the longer the life expectancy of the cell, the slower the mitotic rate Stem cells undergo frequent mitoses Growth factors can stimulate cell division Abnormal cell division produces tumors or neoplasms Benign Malignant (invasive, and cancerous) Spread via metastasis Oncogenes Mitotic rate and cancer

20. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Process of specialization Results from inactivation of particular genes Produces populations of cells with limited capabilities Differentiated cells form tissues Differentiation

21. Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The main points of the cell theory. The chief structural features of the cell membrane. The organelles of a typical cell, and their specific functions. The process of protein synthesis. The various transport mechanisms used by cells, and how this relates to the transmembrane potential. The cell life cycle, mitosis and cellular differentiation. You should now be familiar with: