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Chapter 13 Section 2 Feudalism in Europe
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Key Terms Lord Fief Vassal Knight Serf Manor Tithe
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The Vikings Invade From the North
Came from Scandinavia Norseman Northmen Worshipped warlike gods Raided at terrifying speed Swords Heavy wooden shields Small wooden ships Gone before a defense could be mounted
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The Vikings Invade From the North
Longest warship carried 300 warriors Ship had 72 oars Could sail in three feet of water Looted inland villages and monasteries Also traders farmers and explorers
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The Vikings Invade From the North
Traveled rivers into Russia Across North Atlantic Leif Ericson reached North America 500 years before Columbus Accepted Christianity and stopped raiding Warming trend made farming easier
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Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South
Magyars nomads from the east (Hungary) Invaded western Europe 800’s Superior horseman Isolated villages and monasteries Took captives and slaves Did not settle
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Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South
Muslims struck from the south Invaded through Italy and Spain Wanted to conquer Europe ’s ’s goal was to plunder Attack on Atlantic and Mediterranean coasts
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Magyars and Muslims Attack from the East and South
Invasions caused suffering and disorder No longer looked to central authority People turned to local rulers
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New Social Order 911 Rollo and Charles the Simple faced each other
Charles gave Rollo a large piece of French territory Became Normandy Rollo pledged no to attack the king
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Feudalism Structure Society
worse years for invasions Feudalism- governing and landholding Zhou Dynasty in China had feudalism Was in Japan from 1192 to 19 century
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Feudalism Structures Society
Based on right and obligations Lord- landowner Fief a grant of land Vassal- the person receiving the fief Two sided bargain Worked on who controlled the land
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The Feudal Pyramid King at the top Powerful vassals
Wealthy landowners and bishops Knights- mounted horsemen who pledged to defend the lord in exchange for a fief Landless peasants- who worked the fields
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Social Classes are Well Defined
Status determined prestige Manor system- set of rights and obligations Three groups Those who fought- nights and nobles Those who prayed-men and woman of the church Those who worked -peasants
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Social Classes well Defined
Europe Middle Ages Majority were peasants Serfs- Could not leave the place they were born Bound to the land Not slaves Could not be bought or sold Labor belonged to lord
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Manors the Economic Side of Feudalism
Manor- the lord’s estate Manor system- basic economic arrangement Rights and obligation between lords and serfs Lord provided housing, farmland and protection Serf maintained the estate
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A Self Contained World Peasants rarely traveled more than 25 miles
Center of plowed field could see their world 15-30 families Manor house, church, workshops Streams provide fish Mills for grain
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A Self-Contained World
Manor largely self sufficient Serf’s raised and produced everything Out side purchase was iron, salt and millstones Crops were wheat, barley, oats and vegetables
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The Harshness of Manor Life
Peasant paid a high price Paid a tax on all their grain ground at lord’s mill Baking bread elsewhere was a crime Tax on marriage Weddings needed lord’s consent
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The Harshness of Manor Life
Owed village priest a tithe- church tax One tenth of income Serfs lived in crowded cottages One or two rooms One for cooking one for sleeping Warmed house by bringing pigs inside
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The Harshness of Manor Life
Family lay down on a straw pile full of insects Peasant diet Vegetables Coarse brown bread Grain, cheese, and soup Most serfs life was hard
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The Harshness of Manor Life
Typical day Raise livestock Taking care of your home Children worked in the field Most did not survive to adulthood Illness and malnutrition Life expectancy 35 years
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