1. From the Advanced Search page of the Cochrane Library, we have clicked on the Cochrane Reviews: By Topic hyperlink. This has displayed the Topics for Cochrane Reviews. From this extensive list, you have another option for locating subject- specific material. Note that there are other search lists including an A-Z list, Updated Reviews and New Reviews.

2. For more training material, you can click on The Cochrane Library Help hyperlink. We have opened the Search Manual. Another option is a listing of Web Updates.

3. If your institution does not have access to Cochrane…. Access to the Abstracts is free from a link at: http://www.cochrane.org/

4. Click here After accessing the Cochrane Collaboration (http://www.cochrane.org/), click on the Cochrane Library link. This will give you access to the Library’s search options and the abstracts but not the full-text articles.http://www.cochrane.org/

5. We now access the third Reference Sources option for evidence-based health information - EBM Guidelines.

6. This is the initial page of EBM Guidelines Evidence-Based Medicine. Also published by John Wiley, this resource is a collection of clinical guidelines for primary care combined with evidence-based research. You can Search by keyword or Browse database contents by EBM Guidelines, Evidence summaries, Pictures, Audio samples, Videos and Programs.

7. We have completed a keyword search for Influenza. The results page includes summaries of the key issues including Related resources and References and links to important websites. Also included are links to the Evidence summaries.

8. We have displayed the first Evidence summary. Each link contains a brief review of the study and notes the reference(s).

9. We now access the fourth Reference Sources option for evidence-based health information – BMJ’s BestPractice – a combination of research evidence, guidelines and expert opinion.

10. We have completed a keyword search for diabetes. Note the drop down menu with the broad category results of the search.

11. The results for the diabetes search are displayed in broad subject categories. Note that each category contains full-text documents on the Highlights, Basics, Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment, Followup and Resources.

12. HINARI Evidence-Based Journals (other journals may have EBM articles) We have browsed the ‘E’ in the HINARI Find journals by title list and it notes several journals for evidence-based practice.

13. We now search for evidence-based articles using PubMed. From the main HINARI webpage, go to PubMed by clicking on Search HINARI journal articles through PubMed (Medline). Remember you must login to HINARI to have access to the full-text articles.

14. Open the Clinical Queries box. This search tool assigns filters to keyword searches - to locate articles on Clinical Studies, Systematic Reviews and Medical Genetics. In June 2010, these features were revised so that you can complete a search for Clinical Studies, Systematic Reviews and Medical Genetics at the same time.

15. To use the Search by Clinical Study Categories, you would type a disease or procedure in the Search box and select one Category and Scope per search. We have displayed the options for Category and clicked on Therapy from the drop down menu. Note the definition of the Filters on the bottom of the page. Note: you can go directly to PubMed Clinical Queries The direct link to PubMed Clinical Queries is http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/clinical http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/clinical

16. For the Scope option, we will enter Narrow and also enter type 2 diabetes AND developing countries in the search box.

17. The Therapy (Category) and Narrow (Scope) type 2 diabetes AND developing countries search has resulted in 8 citations. We now will click on the See all option. Note that the results for Systematic Reviews and Medical Genetics also are displayed.

18. We have displayed all 8 articles for this search including 7 HINARI and 3 Free Full Text articles. Remember - you can access the full-text articles by clicking on these Filters or changing the display from Summary to Abstract. Note that the specific search is listed in the Search box including the AND (Therapy/Narrow[filter]) for systematic reviews.

19. We have clicked on the See all option for the systematic reviews results. The type 2 diabetes AND developing countries AND systematic [sb] search resulted in 13 articles.

20. If you have a MY NCBI account, you can add Meta-analysis and Systematic Reviews to your Filters. Go to Manage Filters, click on Properties option and put each term in the Search with terms box. When you save a PubMed search, you will be sent an email listing new articles on the specific topic. Remember that you will need to go to HINARI to get the full-text articles. In this example, Free Full Text, HINARI, Meta-analysis and Systematic Reviews are listed in Filters.

21. Additional Evidence-based Health Resources National Guidelines Clearinghouse http://www.guideline.gov/ http://www.guideline.gov/ DARE: Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/crdweb/ http://www.crd.york.ac.uk/crdweb/ health-evidence.ca http://health-evidence.cahttp://health-evidence.ca The Campbell Library http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/library.php http://www.campbellcollaboration.org/library.php

22. McMaster PLUS collection http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/hiru/HIRU_McMaster_PL US_projects.aspx http://hiru.mcmaster.ca/hiru/HIRU_McMaster_PL US_projects.aspx Duke University Medical Center Library: EBM http://www.mclibrary.duke.edu/subject/ebm?tab=co ntents http://www.mclibrary.duke.edu/subject/ebm?tab=co ntents EBM Librarian https://sites.google.com/site/ebmlibrarian/

23. EvidenceUPDATES contain a searchable database, an email alerting system and links to selected evidence-based resources. Registration is required but free.

24. Trip Database is a clinical search tool for health professionals to identify quality clinical evidence for clinical practice. Registration is required but free and gives the users additional resources.

25. The Essential Health Links gateway contains annotated links to numerous Evidence-Based Medicine resources available on the Internet.

26. The Canadian Institutes of Health Research web site contains four Knowledge Translation Learning Modules. Several of these online courses are relevant for evidence based practice and use of knowledge to make informed health decisions.

27. Review/Summary Evidence-based practice depends on knowing the most recent, valid scientific knowledge. This involves finding the ‘best’ studies. Sometimes others have evaluated the quality of the studies, including methodology; many new evidence-based tools mentioned in this tutorial provide evaluation.

28. When there is no evaluation available, it is essential to evaluate the validity of the study. Tools for evaluating studies can be found in the Evaluating the Evidence section in the EBM tutorial mentioned earlier and found at: http://www.hsl.unc.edu/Services/Tutorials/ebm/welcome.htm

29. It is always important to consider studies in terms of applicability to and values of the local patient/situation. Evidence-based practice is a developing field and new, useful resources are continuously being developed.

30. Appendix 1 Appendix 1 – Contains four case studies for developing Evidence-Based Practice curriculum: experimental cancer research, EBP curriculum for pharmacy students, health literacy for pharmacy students and outreach activity for early intervention providers Developed by: Irena Bond, Library Manager Associate Professor of Library and Learning Resources Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences

31. This is the end of the Evidence-based Medicine for HINARI Users module. The material initially was developed by: Gale G. Hannigan, PhD, MLS, MPH; Professor & Medical Informatics Education Librarian, Texas A&M University. Material revised and enhanced by Irena Bond, Library Manager, Associate Professor of Library and Learning Resources, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences. There is a workbook that accompanies this module. The workbook will take you through a live session covering the topics included in this demonstration with working examples. Updated 2011 08 Research Evidence Practitioner’s Experience Local Conditions Patient/Community Preferences & Values