1. Genetics Why your family is messed up?

2. Gregor Mendel Father of Modern Genetics Pea Plants Monk

3. Gregor Mendel Alternative versions of genes (alleles) account for variation

4. Gregor Mendel For Each Character, an organism inherits two alleles

5. Gregor Mendel If the two alleles are different, One is dominant and one is recessive

6. Gregor Mendel The two alleles segregate during gamete production

7. Sex-linked On the X chromosome Colorblindness Hemophilia Muscular dystrophy

8. Sex Influenced On a autonomic chromosome but affected by what sex you are Male pattern baldness

9. Blood Types

11. Linked Genes On a autonomic chromosomes near each other Red hair / freckles

12. Pleiotropy One gene has multiple effects Sickle-cell anemia

13. Epistasis A gene at one location alters the phenotypic expression of a gene on a second location Fur color

14. Polygenic Characters vary in a population along a continuum Skin Color

15. Recessively Inherited Traits Must inherit genes from both parents to display trait Albinism Tay-Sachs Cystic Fibrosis

16. Dominately Inherited Traits Must inherit genes from only one parents to display trait Achondroplasia Huntington’s disease

17. Fetal Testing

18. Nondisjunction Aneuroploidy

19. Human Disorders Down’s Syndrome Turner’s Syndrome Klinefelter’s Syndrome Trisomy X Syndrome

20. Cloning

21. Changes in Spatial Pattern Homeobox

22. Changes in Spatial Pattern Homeotic Genes (Hox Genes) position information

23. Changes in Spatial Pattern

24. Changes in expression patterns of four Hox genes over time

25. Stem Cells A Cell that’s job has not been determined Early embryonic Stem Cells Blastocyst Embryonic Stem Cells Fetal Stem Cells Umbilical Stem Cells Adult Stem Cells

26. Stem Cells For each new application of stem cell technology, we must consider: What are the benefits? What are the risks? Whom will the technology help? Does it have the potential to hurt anyone? What does this mean for me? For my family? For others around me? Why might others not share my view?

27. Stem Cells Ethical, legal and social issues. Ethical issues are those that ask us to consider the potential moral outcomes of stem cell technologies. Legal issues require researchers and the public to help policymakers decide whether and how stem cell technologies should be regulated by the government. Social issues involve the impact of stem cell technologies on society as a whole.

28. Cancer Causing Genes Oncogenes Proto-oncogene Tumor Suppressor Genes Faulty Tumor Suppressor Genes