1. An Overview of the INTEX-B Science Campaign H. B. Singh, NASA Ames Research Center  INTEX-B/MILAGRO: Spring 2006  maximum Asian inflow to NA  Mexico City pollution GOAL: To understand the transport, transformation, & impacts of gases & aerosols on air quality & climate from local to global scales Partners: U.S. (NASA, NSF, DOE), MEX, CAN, GER ( http://cloud1.arc.nasa.gov; http://www.joss.ucar.edu/milagro/) MILAGRO MCMA-2006 MIRAGE-Mex MAX-Mex INTEX-B/1 INTEX-B/2 IMPEX INTEX-B

2. INTEX-B OBJECTIVES  Continental Outflow: Extent & persistence of the outflow of pollution from Mexico  Transpacific Pollution: Transport and evolution of Asian pollution & implications for air quality & climate  Air Quality: Mapping of anthropogenic & biogenic emissions; relating atmospheric composition to sources & sinks  Aerosol Radiative Forcing: Characterizing effects of aerosols on solar radiation over NA & Gulf of Mexico  Satellite Validation: Validation of space-borne observations of tropospheric composition

3. INTEX-B/MILAGRO Platforms & Coordination  Inter-comparisons  Coordinated science flights  Sharing of forecasts & data  Joint publications NASA DC-8NSF C-130 NASA J-31 UW Duchess DLR Falcon NASA Be-200 Canadian Cessna DOE-G1 IONS-06 sites

4. DC-8, J-31 & B-200 INTEX-B Payload Mission Mgr. Console Navigation EQUIPMENT RACK PROBE ICATS DIAL AROTAL LASER SYSTEM DACOM/DLH POP SAFS UNH DCALS UCI PANAK UH/LIA ATHOS NO GT-LIF TD-LIF GTCIMS PAN/OVOC Aerosols HO x, NO NO, NO 2 NO 2 SO 2, HNO 4 Strat O 3 Lidar Peroxides HCHO Actinic flux CO/CH 4 H 2 O HNO 3, Aero. Comp., Hg? O 3 CO 2 H 2 O Trop O 3 /Aerosol Lidar NMHC Halocarbons HCHO SAFS SINGH COHEN HUEY MCGEE HEIKES SHETTER ANDERSON CLARKE DIBB AVERY VAY BARRICK FRIED BROWELL BLAKE BRUNE, HUEY DISKIN SACHSE PODOLSKE FASTOZ MACDONNA PDS TAN J-31: Sun photometer, Solar Flux Radiometer, Cloud Absorption Radiometer, Scanning Polarimeter; B-200: HSRLidar, HySPAR, LAABS, Nadir digital camera

5. Model Forecasts for Flight Planning MET data Trajectories Convective influences Fires AIRS- CO MOPITT- CO MODIS- Aerosol GOES- clouds GEOS-Chem (Harvard) MOZART (NCAR) RAQMS (Langley) STEM (U. Iowa) PNL (Milagro) SAT Tracks Model Forecasts

6. INTEX-B DC-8 Flight Tracks (DC-8 Bases: Houston, TX (3/1-21/2006) ; Honolulu, HI (4/17-30/2006); Anchorage, AK (5/1-15/2006) INTEX-B: DC-8: 145 Flight hrs; 17 science flights (15 day + 2 night) J-31: 43 Flight hours; 13 Science Flights B-200: 65 Flight hrs; 18 Science Flights Hawaii Houston Anchorage Seattle Veracruz C-130 C-130+J-31+B-200+G-1 DC-8

7. INTEX-B Targeted Satellite Validation Activities (CO, O 3, HCHO, NO 2, HNO 3, H 2 O, HCN, Aerosol) Aura

8. INTEX-B Flights Accomplish Multiple Objectives - Example : DC-8 Flight 16 from Anchorage  Sampling fresh & aged Asian pollution  MLS validation  TES-limb validation MLS TES-L Asian pollution Large concentrations of ozone in the Pacific troposphere Multiple satellite tracks are examined for validation

9. TES-N spiral TES-Limb Dust HNO3 0.6-0.1-0.7 P P P P Pollution sampling & TES-Limb validation: Alaska Local 3

10. A. Clarke, V. Kapustin, S. Howell, J. Zhou, C. M c Naughton, Y. Shinozuka University of Hawaii Dust & pollution layers- Hi Local 1 (Flt 11) DC-8 Lidar, E. Browell, NASA, LaRC

11. DACOM Profile (Dotted) DACOM w/ TES AK (Solid) Coincident TES Profile Nearby TES Profiles O 3, CO, & HNO 3 Comparisons: TES & DC-8 CO O3O3 O3O3

12. DC-8 & MLS in INTEX-B MLS v1.51 CO data have known high (factor ~2 bias) in 200 hPa region –Later versions of MLS processing to address this issue INTEX flight above confirms this and will be useful comparison dataset Encouraging agreement on CO morphology despite bias, given MLS resolution MLS CO DC-8 CO

13. LIDAR Observations of Aerosol Plumes Near Whistler May 11May 14 Tom Duck Aerosol Plumes Airborne measurements reveal enhanced O3, CO & sulfate

14. Asian plume O 3 elevated, No CN elevation CO NOy NO H. Schlager

15. INTEX-B/MILAGRO Specific Tasks Accomplished  Inter-comparisons between aircrafts (DC-8/C- 130/Cessna/Duchess/J-31) and flyby of ground sites (Mauna Loa, UW-Mount Bachelor, Canada-Whistler Peak etc.). 5 inter-comparisons between DC8 & C130  Extensive satellite validation of TES, OMI, HIRDLS, MLS, AIRS, SCIA, etc. (one or more per flight)  Outflow from Mexico City & tropospheric characterization over the Gulf  Source (boundary layer) characterization of Mexico City pollution  Sampling of fresh & aged Asian transpacific pollution from Hi & Anchorage  Quasi-lagrangian studies/chemical aging experiments over the Gulf & the Pacific utilizing DC-8 & C-130

16. Some Observations  INTEX-B/Milagro has completed all of the planned tasks to achieve its objectives of:  Providing a comprehensive and unified data set to determine the composition of MC & Asian pollution plumes, their persistence, & transformation  Validating satellite observations of tropospheric composition  Relating atmospheric composition to anthropogenic & biogenic emissions  Testing chemical transport models & their forecasts

17. Some Questions?  How do the in-situ measurements from different instruments & platforms intercompare? How do we synthesize and relate data from multiple platforms?  How do models in forecast and analysis modes intercompare with each other and with observations?  How useful were the satellite validation flights? Have we contributed to further improvements in satellite data?  How usefully can the satellite data be integrated with the aircraft & surface data to extend coverage?  How successful were the quasi-lagrangian experiments and what did we learn from them?

18. Some Questions? (cont.)  Can we use INTEX-B data (& models) to further constrain estimates of anthropogenic & biogenic emissions?  Are the observed HO x and precursor (peroxides and CH 2 O) concentrations consistent with current understanding?  What are the factors controlling the outflow of pollution (especially NO x, O 3, and aerosol) to the Pacific and the Gulf of Mexico?  What have we learnt about direct and indirect effects of aerosol on radiative forcing?

19. Platform & partner evolution