1. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 1 of 24 The Impact of Reference Linking on the Creation and Use of References/Citations CENDI/FLICC Workshop Library of Congress June 21, 2000 Deb Bendig, OCLC dbendig@oclc.org

2. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 2 of 24 Outline Data considerations Presentation of links Appropriate copy issue Centralized vs.. local linking Other considerations - one slide only! New partnerships Summary

3. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 3 of 24 What is a citation? A reference in an article An item in a bibliography A record in a citation or A&I database

4. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 4 of 24 Interesting citation data Author Title Journal/ISSN Year Volume Issue 1st page number Unique ID

5. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 5 of 24 Recommendation When providing article data: –Identify each citation –Put citation data elements into distinct fields –Include any unique article ID you have, even if not to be displayed –Use standards where possible –Include any unique article ID in the citation! –Include a unique article ID for the article!

6. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 6 of 24 Digression The best article identifier is associated with the article from the beginning of the publication process, displayed with the article, and carried in all references to the article. Make unique article ids ubiquitous!

7. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 7 of 24 Where will the links appear? HTML articles Within PDF articles? HTML versions of PDF articles PS/TeX/etc. articles?

8. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 8 of 24 Presentation of links Should links be printable? –Anything displayed in a browser prints –If link is durable, consider displaying –And, links may be different for different people, depending on rights Should links be branded? –May be required by full-text source –Good for unambiguous id of source

9. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 9 of 24 Where do the links come from? Publisher adds them Manual process $$$$ Automated process to id citations, extract data, batch match against...existing full-text systems? Link maintenance? Record updated when new sources available? Assumes all users of data have access via specified link(s)

10. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 10 of 24 Where do the links come from? “ System” adds them Automated process, based on : –Available citation data –Available matching articles –User rights information On-the-fly or continuously updated

11. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 11 of 24 Automated article linking challenges Granularity Will the real article title stand up? Special characters Versions/editions/manifestations –Reissued article –Modified article –Different ISSN for electronic version of journal Remedy: TOCs?

12. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 12 of 24 For now, assume a perfect match...

13. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 13 of 24 Appropriate copy issue Same articles available from multiple sources Library or user has paid for access from one or more source How does a system know the best full-text links to display to a user?

14. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 14 of 24 Library defines their best link sources E-holdings consist of –Multiple sources –Possibly some overlap –Possibly different source for different time periods –Possibly multiple formats, with preferred order Can change frequently Therefore, library holdings profile

15. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 15 of 24 Sources Multiple sources of articles –CrossRef, NIH/NCBI initiatives –Direct from publisher –Aggregator services Overlapping coverage among sources Multiple formats: ASCII, HTML, PDF Varying linking mechanisms Agreements may control availability via system

16. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 16 of 24 Journal Sources Profile For each available source, track: Journal Title ISSN Coverage Format(s)? Linking mechanism/requirements (query, DOI, unique ID) Authentication requirements? And/or, have a database of all available articles, with links

17. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 17 of 24 Given a link, what does the user get? An article (or TOC) –“No dead links!” –Requires knowledge of article’s existence, e.g, database of articles The possibility of an article –Service uses profile of source holdings and assumes all articles are available

18. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 18 of 24 Centralized vs. local linking Centralized: –System provided for libraries –Each system must know library profile –Links or associated services limited to system agreements/capabilities Local (e.g., ExLibris SFX, consortia): –Centralized holdings profile?’ –Possibility of bigger pool of sources, services

19. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 19 of 24 Other linking considerations Centralized library holdings profiling Authentication (especially remote user) Guaranteed archival access Per-article purchase Linking standards Source of article-use statistics for library

20. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 20 of 24 New partnerships Libraries ask online services for: –Full-text coverage matching their access rights –Currency: how quickly new full text integrated? –Quality of linking %-age dead links%-age dead links %-age incorrectly linked articles%-age incorrectly linked articles –Persistent URLs –Centralized holdings profile –One-stop shopping, with title-level control

21. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 21 of 24 New partnerships Online services ask publishers for: –Timely availability of online full text –Data to support accurate online linking Standard metadataStandard metadata Unique article identifiers added in publishing processUnique article identifiers added in publishing process Persistent URLs for full textPersistent URLs for full text –Remote authentication solutions –Cost-effective access to full text

22. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 22 of 24 New partnerships Publishers ask for: –Accurate rights management –Access to more subscribers –Continuation of revenue stream –Tools to support data production –Remote authentication solutions

23. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 23 of 24 Summary Quality of linking becomes a significant system discriminator There will be no one source for all full text Standards will provide the best environment for reference linking Opportunities for new centralized services

24. CENDI/FLICC Workshop, June 21, 2000 Slide 24 of 24 Questions?