1. Unit 2- African Civilizations Believe it or not, but Blacks started civilization

2. INTRODUCTION

3. WHAT IT MEANS TO BE “CIVILIZED” ? "Having a highly developed society or culture; Showing evidence of moral and intellectual advancement; humane, reasonable, ethical. The opposite of being savage.

4. CIVILIZED PEOPLE HAVE LAWS A MEANS OF WRITTEN COMMUNICATION SYSTEM OF RECORD KEEPING IMPROVED TECHNOLOGY RESPECT FOR ONE ANOTHER A PLAN FOR THE FUTURE SPECIALIZED WORKERS

6. MESOPOTAMIA LOCATED IN THE MIDDLE EAST IT IS WHERE IRAQ IS LOCATED NOW. MESOPOTAMIA MEANS LAND BETWEEN THE RIVERS IN GREEK.

7. BETWEEN THE EUPHRATES AND TIGRIS RIVERS

8. CONTRIBUTIONS OF MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATIONS Cuneiform was the first written language. It was written in clay.

9. CONTRIBUTIONS OF MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATIONS The earliest form of the wheel.

10. CONTRIBUTIONS OF MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATIONS Irrigation systems to provide water to grow crops since the land was dry and without much.

11. CONTRIBUTIONS OF MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATIONS Cities. Independent political units that had its own king that would rule over the common people.

12. CONTRIBUTIONS OF MESOPOTAMIAN CIVILIZATIONS Domesticating animals to use them for personal human usage such as transportation and entertainment.

13. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION

14. Egyptian Civilization First of all….Egypt is and has always been IN AFRICA. IF ANYONE tells you otherwise, please tell them to KICK ROCKS.

15. EGYPT THE EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION WAS NEAR THE NILE RIVER WHICH PROVIDED A GREAT SOURCE FOR AGRICULTURE, FARMING, AND TRANSPORTATION.

17. EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION The major controversy that surrounds the people of the Egyptian civilization is their RACE. Many scholars and historians argue over whether they were black people or not.

19. REASON BEING….. The Egyptian civilization contributed a lot to the modern day world. All historians and scholars recognize the greatness that Egypt is to the development of all societies. Therefore, if the Egyptian people are Black, one would have to admit that Black people influenced whites around the world.

21. EGYPT’S INFLUENCE TO THE WORLD RELIGION COMMERCE PHILOSOPHY ART SCIENCE MATHEMATICS

22. EGYPT’S LOCATION Egypt was able to be successful for so long because of its closeness to the Nile River and the Sahara Desert.

24. OLD KINGDOM

25. Under the Old Kingdom, Egyptian kings claimed the status of gods.

26. MIDDLE KINGDOM KINGS RE-ESTABLISHED THEIR ROYAL AUTHORITY INSTEAD OF CONSIDERING THE STATUS OF GODS AS THE KINGS IN THE OLD KINGDOM HAD DONE.

27. NEW KINGDOM EGYPT EXPANDED ITS TERRITORY BEYOND THE NILE RIVER. EGYPTIAN KINGS BEGAN USING THE TITLE “PHAROAH”., which means “great house.”

28. ANCIENT EYGPT BEGAN LIKE THIS

29. OVER THE YEARS IT EXPANDED

30. AND EVENTUALLY BECAME THIS

31. IN ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATIONS MEN AND WOMEN HAD CERTAIN PRIVILEDGES

32. EYGPTIAN MEN WERE ABLE TO TAKE ON ADDITIONAL WIVES IF THE FIRST WIFE COULD NOT PRODUCE CHILDREN.

33. EGYPTIAN WOMEN OWNED PROPERTY OVERSAW SLAVES CONTROLLED EDUCATION OF THEIR CHILDREN HELD PUBLIC OFFICE SERVED AS PRIESTS OPERATED BUSINESSES

34. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION RELIGION WAS EXTREMELY IMPORTANT TO THE ANCIENT EGYPTIANS. IT WAS A PART OF EVERY ASPECT OF THEIR LIVES.

35. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN RELIGION RE ( OR RA) WAS THE SUN GOD

37. EGYPTIAN RELIGION OSIRIS WAS THE GOD OF THE NILE.

39. EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS AT GIZA ARE TOMBS THAT PROTECT THE BODIES OF THREE KINGS. THESE PYRAMIDS SYMBOLIZE THE POWER OF THE EQYPTIAN CIVILIZATION.

45. SPHYNX THE SPHINX IS A MONUMENT OF A MYTHICAL CREATURE WITH THE HEAD OF A HUMAN AND THE BODY OF A LION.

47. ANKH THE ANKH IS AN EGYPTIAN SYMBOL THAT MEANS THE BREATH OF LIFE OR KEY OF THE NILE. THEY APPEAR IN MANY PICTURES WITHIN THE ANCIENT EGYPTIAN CULTURE.

51. THE OBELISK THE OBELISK IS A STONE PILLAR FROM EGYPT THAT HAS A SQUARE BASE, RECTANGULAR MIDSECTION, AND A PYRAMID TOP.

52. LOOK FAMILIAR ???

53. AKHENETAN AN EGYPTIAN PHARAOH ( KING ) THAT IS KNOWN FOR ABANDONING POYTHEISM AND FOCUSING ON THE BELIEF IN ONE GOD- IN PARTICULAR – RA (THE SUN GOD).

55. NEFERTITI NAME MEANS “THE BEAUTY HAS COME”. WELL KNOWN FOR HER BEAUTY GIVEN THE POWERS OF A PHARAOH EVEN THOUGH SHE WAS A WOMAN & RULED SIDE BY SIDE WITH HER HUSBAND AKHENETAN

57. HATSHEPSUT WELL KNOWN FOR BEING THE MOST SUCCESFUL FEMALE PHAROAH FROM THE EGYPTIAN CIVILIZATION.

58. HATSHEPSUT IS SOMETIMES DEPICTED AS A MALE – WITH THE BEARD, BECAUSE SOME DID NOT WANT HISTORY TO NOTE THE GREATNESS FROM A WOMAN.

59. CLEOPATRA The last pharaoh of the Egyptian civilization and one of the most feared and respected, even though she was female. Known for her looks and charming ways and love affairs with two Greek legends.

61. HIEROGLYPHICS MEANS “GOD’S WORDS”. ANCIENT EGYPTIAN WRITING SYSTEM THAT USED PICTURES AND LETTERS. UNABLE TO BE READ FOR CENTURIES.

63. TUTANKHAMUN One of the most popular of all Egyptian pharaohs. His father was Akhenetan and his mother was Akhenetan’s sister ! Known as King Tut. His tomb and artifacts are perhaps the best preserved of all dead pharaohs.

71. KUSH

72. NOT YOUR KUSH !!!!!!

73. KUSH CIVILIZATION THE KUSH CIVILIZATION WAS SOUTH OF EGYPT IN AN AREA CALLED NUBIA.

74. KUSH CIVILIZATION IN TODAY’S TIME THAT LAND IS THE COUNTRY OF SUDAN.

75. KUSH CIVILIZATION THE NUBIANS GAVE THE EGYPTIANS : THE IDEA OF GRAIN PRODUCTION THE CONCEPT OF MONARCHY

76. GRAINS GRAINS ARE ANYTHING LIKE WHEAT RICE BEANS SEEDS

77. MONARCHY MONARCHY IS WHEN SUPREME POWER IS GIVEN TO ONE PERSON UNTIL THEIR DEATH.

78. KUSH CIVILIZATION THE EGYPTIAN CULTURE WAS INTRODUCED TO THE NUBIAN CULTURE WHEN NUBIAN HOSTAGES RETURNED HOME FROM EGYPT…BRINGING RELIGION ART HIEROGLYPHICS POLITICAL STRUCTURE

79. THE KUSH CIVILIZATION ESTABLISHED AT THE END OF THE 2 ND MILLENIUM B.C WHEN EGYPTS NEW KINGDOM WAS ON THE DECLINE.

80. KING PIANKHY EXPANDED THE KUSH TERRITORY BY ADDING LOWER EGYPT. MADE HIMSELF A PHAROAH FOUNDED EGYPT’S 25 TH DYNASTY.

81. Kush & Egypt similarities The similarity between the Kushites and the Egyptians were : Language Religion

82. MEROE Place where trading took place which made Kush very wealthy. Became Africa’s first industrial center.

83. THE FALL OF THE KUSH CIVILIZATION THE FALL OF THE ROMAN EMPIRE, WHICH KUSH DEPENDED ON FOR TRADE LED TO THE WEAKINING OF THEIR CIVILIZATION.

84. WHO DESTROYED MEROE ? AXUM WARRIORS ARE THE ONES WHO ACTUALLY DESTROYED THE ONCE WEALTHY MEROE.

85. PRESENT DAY AXUM AXUM IS PRESENTLY WHERE THE AFRICAN COUNTRY OF ETHIOPIA IS LOCATED.

86. RELIGION IN AXUM AXUM WAS ACTUALLY THE FIRST CHRISTIAN STATE IN SUB SAHARAN AFRICA, SO THAT MEANS THEY PRACTICED: CHRISTIANITY (ALTHOUGH IT WAS SOMEWHAT DIFFERENT FROM WHAT WAS TAUGHT SOME YEARS LATER)