1. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach How the Parts Fit Together Focus on Levels of Awareness This multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any image; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.

2. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach Why Awareness Models? They came first (i.e., Freud) Wrestled with what a person could reasonably know about him/herself Crucial to understand in the context of answering “Who am I?”

3. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach The No-Access Unconscious Definition: Mental activities to which consciousness is simply not connected… Consider the neurons departing from the retina We have no idea how our visual system works (unless we take a course in it)! Its function is unconscious

4. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach No-Access Unconscious How many black dots do you count? (Version 1 of 2; better for some video environments)

5. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach No-Access Unconscious How many black dots do you count? (version 2 of 2; better for some video environments)

6. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach No-Access Unconscious Is the blue inside the cube or outside?

7. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach Unnoticed Unconscious Ken Bowers’ study on Unconscious influences Participants shown pairs of portraits and landscapes, and their customary preference was assessed (e.g., landscapes or portraits). Reinforced for choosing opposite type by smiles from experimenter

8. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach Unnoticed Unconscious Participants debriefed afterward Many claimed they were expressing their genuine preference throughout – were unaware of shift See the following example cited by Bowers…

9. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach Unnoticed Unconscious Exp: Did you pick the landscapes or portraits more often? Part: Landscapes. Exp: Did you notice whether I said anything during the course of the experiment? Part: You said "good" whenever I picked landscapes. Exp: Do you think your tendency to pick landscapes was influenced by my reinforcement of them? Part: Of course not! I picked the landscapes because I liked them better than the portraits. Besides, you only said "good" after I made my choice, so what you said couldn't possibly have influenced my selection of pictures.

10. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach The Dynamic Unconscious (Topological) Freud’s Topological Model –Consciousness: internal “eye” or sense organ on the brain –Preconcious: things which can become conscious –Unconscious: matters one doesn’t know about Conscious Pre- Conscious Unconscious

11. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach Conscious Pre- Conscious Unconscious The Dynamic Unconscious (Topological) Freud’s Topological Model (Continued) Many human motives are unconscious Either: –there is no access – as in the primary unconscious –or, there is active repression – consciousness (or the ego) expels thoughts and feelings

12. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach The Dynamic Unconscious (Structural) Superego (e.g., conscience) Ego (e.g, the self) consciousness, defense, reality- testing Id (e.g., the “it”) sex, aggression, fantasies, dreams Developmental Sequence Childhood (e.g., 5 years) Toddler- hood Infancy Note: Beginnings of Processing Model, i.e., Personality divided into areas of function

13. PART 3: PERSONALITY ORGANIZATIONCHAPTER 8: HOW THE PARTS FIT… Focus on: Levels of Awareness Copyright © 2007 Allyn & Bacon Mayer’s Personality: A Systems Approach ~ end ~