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Figurative and Literal Language Literal: words function exactly as defined The boy’s room was messy. The left fielder dropped the baseball. Figurative: You have to figure it out The boy’s room was a pigsty. The left fielder has butterfingers. ^These are figures of speech.
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Simile A comparison of two different things using the word “like” or “as.” Examples Telephone wires hung like a musical score ○ Compares telephone wires to a musical score Those faces, sour as vinegar; ○ Compares facial expressions to the taste of vinegar
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Warning! “Like” and “as” don’t always make similes. A comparison must be made. Not Simile: I washed the dishes as she dried them. Simile: The dishes were as clean as the inside of a full bottle of soap. In the first example, no comparison is made. In the second, the cleanliness of the dishes is compared to the inside of a soap bottle.
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Metaphor A comparison of two different things without using the word “like” or “as.” Examples Flowers of thought blossom while reading ○ Compares thinking to blossoming flowers
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Personification Giving human traits to objects or ideas. Examples The stars are hiding now ○ Gives stars the ability to hide. Or trees that whisper in some far, small town ○ Gives trees the ability to whisper. A tree may wear a nest of robins in her hair ○ Gives the tree hair and the ability to wear things.
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Hyperbole Exaggerating to express a strong feeling Examples I will love you until the end of time. ○ It is unlikely that the speaker will live that long. My dad would kill me if he knew about this. ○ Dad probably wouldn’t actually kill his own child. My book bag weighs a million pounds. ○ The bag isn’t even close to a million pounds.
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Understatement Expression with less strength than expected. The opposite of hyperbole. Examples The guillotine will give you a bad hair day. ○ The results will be much worse than bad hair. Kidnapping your host is considered rude. ○ This is a serious crime much worse than rudeness.
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Oxymoron A phrase or term that consists of words that appear to contradict one another. Examples Jumbo shrimp Organized chaos
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Onomatopoeia The formation of a word by imitation of a sound made by or associated with it. Examples Meow Beep Click Bang
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Alliteration The repetition of the first consonant sounds in several words. Examples Wide-eyed and wondering while we wait for others to waken.
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Your Turn With a partner, find 3 examples of figurative language in the novel. Write your answers on a sheet of notebook paper. Make sure to include: The quote (cited correctly) ○ “quote” (author’s last name #) Highlight the figurative language in the quote The type of figurative language it is Choose one of your examples to present to the class.
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