1. EMANCIPATION PROCLAIMATION  ISSUED BY LINCOLN ON 1-1-1863  PROVISIONS: 1. FREED SLAVES IN STATES THAT SECEDED FROM THE THAT SECEDED FROM THE UNION ONLY UNION ONLY 2. ANNOUNCED ACCEPTANCE OF BLACK MEN IN THE ARMY

2. EMANCIPATION PROCLAIMATION LINCOLNS PURPOSE:  UNDERCUT THE SOUTHERN ECONOMY AND WAR EFFORT  KEEP GREAT BRITAIN OUT OF THE WAR –BRITISH PUBLIC AGAINST SLAVERY

3. AFRICAN-AMERICAN SOLDIERS  EXPERIENCED DISCRIMINATION 1. PAID $3.00 LESS 2. RARELY PROMOTED – WHITE OFFICERS IN CHARGE OF BLACK REGIMENTS  1/10 OF THE UNION ARMY 180,000 FOUGHT

4. 54 TH MASSACHUSETTS 54 TH MASSACHUSETTS  SUICIDAL ATTACK ON FORT WAGNER  COMMANDER – Col. Robert Gould Shaw  40% KILLED AT FT. WAGNER  EARNED RESPECT AS AN ELITE REGIMENT  SGT. CARNEY – MEDAL OF HONOR - granted 37 years later after litigation - granted 37 years later after litigation

5. BLACK CONFEDERATE SOLDIERS  USED AS REPLACEMENTS FOR WEALTHY WHITE SOUTHERNERS  OFFERED FREEDOM FOR SERVICE  BELIEVED IN STATE’S RIGHTS  EXPERIENCES SIMILAR TO UNION SOLDIERS 1. DISCRIMINATION 1. DISCRIMINATION 2. USED FOR SUPPORT SERVICES 2. USED FOR SUPPORT SERVICES NOT FIGHTING

6. Gettysburg Address  November 19, 1863  Dedication of the National Cemetery – government under attack for failing to support Gettysburg’s citizens after the battle  Less than 2 minutes long  address redefined the aims of the war

7. Gettysburg Address  The war was a struggle to preserve a nation that was: –Dedicated to proposition that “all men are created equal” –Ruled by a government “of the people, by the people, and for the people”

8. Gettysburg Address  Shifted the purpose for the war from states’ rights to slavery  US is not a union of autonomous states but a nation  Just as men have died the old union has died  Implies a powerful, central government