1. Lecture (18)

2. Femur Basic Projections AP Lateral AP femur Exposure Factors KvmAsFFD (cm)GridFocusCassette 75/8010/20100Yes / NoBroad35 x 43 cm Patient Position  ٍ Supine with leg extended  toes up

3. Part position Adjust affected thigh to midline of table internally rotate leg 15degrees include hip and knee joints Central Ray perpendicular Center Point mid thigh Structure shown Entire thigh( Femur)

4. Lateral femur Exposure Factors KvmAsFFD (cm)GridFocusCassette 75/8010/20100Yes / NoBroad35 x 43 cm Patient Position lying on affected side with knee slightly flexed Part position  rotate unaffected hip posteriorly  center femur to mid line of table Central Ray  perpendicular Center Point  mid thigh (femur) Structure shown Lateral view of entire femur

5. Review Questions

6. 1) In the Dorsi plantar projection of the foot the central ray is directed a) 10-15 degrees towards toes b) Perpendicular to the foot c) 10-15 degrees towards heel d) 25 degrees towards heel 2) The center point for AP toes a) Proximal 3rd phalanx b) 3rd metatarsophalngeal joint c) Navicular d) Big toe 3 Referring to the radiograph at below the position name is a) Axial Calcaneus b) Oblique foot c)AP foot d)Axial Toes

7. 4-In order to obtain a true AP ankle joint a) Plantar surface must be perpendicular to film holder b) Medial rotation 25 degrees is recommended c) Medial & lateral malleolus Must be Parallel to film holder d) A&C 5-For lateral ankle joint the central ray is directed a)Perpendicularly to Calcaneus b)Perpendicularly to the medial malleolus c)10 degrees caudally to ankle joint d)15 degrees to the medial malleolus 6-Oblique ankle joint well demonstrates a)Entire tarsal bones b)Proximal tibiofibular joint c)Distal tibiofibular joint d)Tarsometatarsal joints

8. 7- In order to demonstrate the entire leg the central ray must be directed a) Perpendicularly to lower 3rd of leg b) Perpendicularly to upper 3rd of leg c) Perpendicularly mid way between ankle and knee joint d)10 degrees and mid way between the two joints 8- In the AP projection of the knee joint the central ray is directed a) 10-15 degrees caudad b) 10-15 degrees cephalic c) 5-7 degrees cephalic d) 5-7 degrees caudad 9-The center point for lateral knee joint a) 1 inch inferior to medial condoyle b) Apex of patella c) Medial condoyle d) Tibial tuberosity

9. 10) Referring to the radiograph below the figure 1 represents a) Medial condoyle b) Lateral condoyle c) Tibial tuberosity d) Intercondylar fossa 11) Which of the following projections is not recommended when patella is suspected? a) Axial b) Skyline c) Lateral d) A&B 12-The fracture occurred just above the femoral condoyles is named Intercondylar fracture Colle,s fracture Femoral shaft fracture Supracondylar fracture 1

10. 13- The FFD for lateral foot is a) 100 cm b) 120cm c) 150 cm d) 180 cm 14- In order to obtain a uniform density in the dorsi-plantar of food a) central ray should be angled cephalic b) A step wedge may use for his purpose c) decreasing the exposure time is recommended d) A&B 15- The suitable intensifying screens for the radiography of the lower limbs a) Rare earth intensifying screens b) Regular type c) Fast speed type d) Fine details type