1. Berlin: 1945—1960 What has happened to the city of Berlin, Germany since the end of WWII in 1945 to 1960?

2. Berlin West Berlin was an outpost of democracy in the heart of communism

3. Conference at Vienna (June 1961) A meeting in Vienna, Austria over Berlin Over 3 million East Germans flowed to West Berlin between 1949 and 1961 Khrushchev wanted the U.S. to leave West Berlin JFK refused

4. Kennedy Takes Action August 13, 1961 the Russians sealed off West from East Berlin with a fence then a wall Congress committed $3 billion for additional defense of West Berlin JFK sent an extra 1,500 troops to W. Berlin W. Berliners appealed to the U.S. to intervene, BUT JFK did not want war with the SU – “We could have sent tanks over and knocked the wall down. What then? They build another one back a hundred yards? We knock that down, then we go to war?”

6. U.S. Response to the Berlin Wall On June 26, 1963, Kennedy visited West Berlin and gave a public speech criticizing communism. Kennedy used the construction of the Berlin Wall as an example of the failures of communism: “Freedom has many difficulties and democracy is not perfect, but we have never had to put a wall up to keep our people in.“ JFK stated “I am a Berliner” meaning the U.S. will support all free peoples

8. The speech is known for its famous phrase "Ich bin ein Berliner".Ich bin ein Berliner “I am a Berliner” What is your overall impression of JFK’s goal in his Berlin speech?

9. Think Q: Berlin Wall What could you predict to be the immediate and enduring effects of the wall on East and West Berlin?

10. Acrostic B E R L I N W A L