1. Hybrid замчлалын протокол EIGRP
МЭРГЭЖЛИЙН ЕРӨНХИЙ ДАДЛАГА
Шинжлэх Ухаан Технологийн Их Сургууль
Мэдээлэл, Холбооны Технологийн Сургууль
Холбооны салбар,
Мэдээллийн сүлжээ
Hybrid замчлалын протокол EIGRP
Мэдээллийн сүлжээний баг
Дэд профессор, доктор Л.одончимэг

2. МЭРГЭЖЛИЙН ЕРӨНХИЙ ДАДЛАГА
Агуулга
Hybrid замчлалын протокол
EIRGP ажиллагаа
EIGRP метрик тооцоололт
DUAL ажиллагаа
Protocol-Dependent модуль
EIRGP тохиргоо
Protocol-Dependent модуль

3. Hybrid замчлалын протокол
EIGRP – Enhanced Interior Gateway Routing Protocol нь Сиско компаний өмчийн distance-vector protocol суурьтай link-state шинжийг агуулсан протокол юм.
EIGRP – ын онцлогууд:
Зөвхөн хөрш рүүгээ замын мэдээлэл дамжуулдаг – DV
3 хүснэгт үүсгэдэг - LS
Fast convergence
Partial updates
Multiple network layer support – IP, IPX, APPLE TALK
Use of multicast and unicast communication
Variable-length subnet masking (VLSM) support - CLASSLESS
Auto-summarization

4. EIRGP ажиллагаа(0) Reliable Transport Protocol (RTP)
EIGRP мессэжүүдийг дамжуулах үүрэгтэй. TCP-тэй ижил ажиллагаатай. ACK мессэжээр баталгаажуулдаг
Багцын төрөл
Хэрэглээ
Hello
Ижил AS-ын дугаартай хөрш рутеруудыг нээж олох үүрэгтэй
Ethernet => hold-down time (15 сек)= hello time (5 сек) * 3
Acknowledgement
EIGRP-ын аль нэг багцад хариу өгч баталгаажуулдаг
Update
Хүлээн авагчийн сүлжээ хүртлэх замын мэдээллийг дамжуулдаг
Query
Хөрш рутерээс замын өөрчлөлтийн талаарх мэдээлэл авах хүсэлт
Reply
Хүсэлтийн хариу мессэж

5. EIRGP ажиллагаа(1)
Process to establish and discover neighbor routes occurs simultaneously in EIGRP:
A new router (router A) comes up on the link and sends a hello packet through all of its EIGRP-configured interfaces.
Routers receiving the hello packet (router B) on one interface reply with update packets that contain all the routes they have in their routing tables, except those learned through that interface (split horizon). Router B sends an update packet to router A, but a neighbor relationship is not established until router B sends a hello packet to router A. The update packet from router B has the initialization bit set, indicating that this is the initialization process. The update packet includes information about the routes that the neighbor (router B) is aware of, including the metric that the neighbor is advertising for each destination.
After both routers have exchanged hellos, and the neighbor adjacency is established, router A replies to router B with an ACK packet, indicating that it received the update information.
Router A assimilates all update packets in its topology table. The topology table includes all destinations advertised by neighboring (adjacent) routers. It lists each destination, all the neighbors that can reach the destination, and their associated metric.
Router A then sends an update packet to router B.
Upon receiving the update packet, router B sends an ACK packet to router A.
After router A and router B successfully receive the update packets from each other, they are ready to update their routing tables with the successor routes from the topology table.

6. IP EIGRP Хөршийн хүснэгт IP EIGRP Topology Table
EIRGP ажиллагаа(2)
IP EIGRP Хөршийн хүснэгт
Хөршийн IP хаяг
Хөршийн мэдээлэл
Шууд холбогдсон хөршүүдийн мэдээлэл
R1# show ip eigrp neighbors
IP EIGRP Topology Table
Хүлээн авагчийн сүлжээ 1
FD / AD хөршөөс тодорхойлогдсон
Хөршүүдээс суралцсан хамгийн боломжит сайн зам(successor) ба нөөц зам (feasible successor) уудын мэдээллийг хөрш рутеруудээсээ цуглуулдаг
R1# show ip eigrp topology
When a router discovers a new neighbor, an update is sent to and received from its new neighbor populating the topology table (containing destinations advertised by all neighbors)
The topology table:
Updated when a directly connected route or interface changes or when a neighboring router reports a change to a route
Entry for a destination exists in either active or passive state:
Passive state: router is not performing a recomputation
Active state: router is performing a recomputation
Recomputation occurs when the destination has no feasible successors (initiated by sending a query packet to each of the neighboring routers
IP Routing Table
Хүлээн авагчийн сүлжээ 1
Сайн зам
Хамгийн сайн боломжит замуудын жагсаалт
R1# show ip route
Advertised Distance (AD) буюу Reported Distance (RD) нь хөрш рутерээс хүлээн авагчийн сүлжээ хүртлэх метрик
Feasible Distance (FD) нь тухайн дотоод рутерээс хүлээн авагчийн сүлжээ хүртлэх метрик

7. EIRGP ажиллагаа(3) Router C-ийн хүснэгт:
The network shown illustrates router C’s EIGRP tables. Routers A and B have established a neighbor relationship with router C. Both routers A and B have paths to network /24, among many others that are not shown.
Router A has an EIGRP metric of 1000 for /24, so router A advertises /24 to router C with a metric of Router C installs the route to /24 via router A in its EIGRP topology table with an advertised distance of 1000.
Router B has network /24 with a metric of 1500 in its IP routing table, so router B advertises /24 to router C with an advertised distance of Router C places the route to /24 network via router B in the EIGRP topology table with an advertised distance of 1500.
Router C has two entries to reach /24 in its topology table. The EIGRP metric for router C to reach both routers A and B is This cost (1000) is added to the respective advertised distance from each router, resulting in the feasible distances from router C to reach network /24 shown in the figure.
Router C chooses the least-cost feasible distance, which is 2000, via router A, and installs it in the IP routing table as the best route to reach /24. The EIGRP metric in the routing table is equal to the feasible distance from the EIGRP topology table. Router A is the successor for the route to /24.

8. EIGRP метрик тооцоололт (1)
Параметр бүрт тооцоололтонд ашиглагдах эсэхээс хамаарч k1, k2, k3, k4, k5 утгуудыг олгодог
Дефаултаар K1 (bandwidth) = 1, K3 (delay) = 1
K2 (load), K4 (reliability), K5 (MTU) = 0.
K утгуудыг өөрчлөх боломжтой:
Router(config-router)# metric weights tos k1 k2 k3 k4 k5
Парамертуудыг шалгах команд: Router#show interface

9. EIGRP метрик тооцоололт (2)
Slowest bandwidth:
Plus the sum of the delays

10. EIGRP метрик тооцоололт (3)
Bandwidth = 10,000,000 / 1024 = 9765 * 256 =

11. EIGRP метрик тооцоололт (4)
Delay = 20,000 / 10 + (100 / 10) * 256 =

12. EIGRP метрик тооцоололт (5)
EIGRP Metric = =

13. DUAL ажиллагаа (0) DUAL finite-state machine Passive Route
Diffusing Update Algorithm (DUAL) нь хөршөөс ирсэн замуудаас хамгийн боломжит сайн замыг сонгох үүрэгтэй
Passive Route
Тооцоологдсон зам /тогтвортой төлөвтэй/
Active route
Тооцоологдож байгаа зам /тогтворгүй төлөвтэй/

14. DUAL ажиллагаа (1) Router D Router C Router E 10.1.1.0 /24 A B D
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 2
***** Passive *****
via B 1
Successor
via C 5 3
(1)
(1) B D
(2)
(2)
(1)
The following example examines partial entries for network /24 in the topology tables for Routers C, D, and E, to give you a better understanding of EIGRP behavior.
The partial topology tables indicate the following:
AD—The advertised distance is equal to the cost of the path to network /24 as advertised by neighboring routers. For example, consider Router E's neighbors: Router D has an AD of 2 and Router C has an AD of 3, for /24.
FD—The feasible distance is equal to the sum of the AD for a neighbor to reach /24, plus the metric to reach that neighbor. For example, again consider Router E: The FD of the route to /24 via Router D is Router D's AD (2) plus the metric to reach Router D from Router E (1), for a total of 3. The FD of the route to /24 via Router C is Router C's AD (3) plus the metric to reach Router C from Router E (1), for a total of 4.
Successor—The successor is the forwarding path used to reach network /24. The cost of this path is equal to the FD. For example, Router E chooses the path to /24 with the lowest FD, which is via Router D. This is the route that Router E puts in its routing table.
FS—The feasible successor is an alternative loop-free path to reach network /24. For example, in Router C, the path via Router D is an FS because the AD (2) is less than the FD (3) via the successor Router B. Routers D and E do not have any FSs because the AD of the alternate routes are not less than the FD of their current successors.
(1) C E
Router C
Router E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 3
***** Passive *****
via B 1
Successor
via D 4 2
Feasible Successor
via E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 3
***** Passive *****
via D 2
Successor
via C 4

15. DUAL ажиллагаа (2) Router D Router C Router E 10.1.1.0 /24 A B D
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 2
***** Passive *****
via B 1
Successor
via C 5 3
(1)
(1) B D
(2)
(2)
(1)
Routers B and D detect a link failure. After being notified of the link failure, DUAL does the following:
At Router D, it marks the path to network /24 through Router B as unusable.
(1) C E
Router C
Router E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 3
***** Passive *****
via B 1
Successor
via D 4 2
Feasible Successor
via E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 3
***** Passive *****
via D 2
Successor
via C 4

16. DUAL ажиллагаа (3) Router D Q Q Q Router C Router E = Query
/24
Router D A
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 -1
***** ACTIVE ******
via E
(Q) Query
via C 5 3
(1) B D Q Q Q
= Query
(2)
(2)
(1)
The following steps then occur:
At Router D, there is no FS to network /24, because the AD via Router C (3) is greater than the FD via Router B (2).
Therefore, DUAL does the following:
Sets the metric to network /24 as unreachable (–1 is unreachable).
Because an FS cannot be found in the topology table, the route changes from the passive state to the active state. In the active state, the router sends out queries to neighboring routers looking for a new successor.
Sends a query to Routers C and E for an alternative path to network /24.
Marks Routers C and E as having a query pending (Q).
At Router E, DUAL marks the path to network /24 through Router D as unusable.
At Router C, DUAL marks the path to network /24 through Router D as unusable.
(1) C E
Router C
Router E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 3
***** Passive *****
via B 1
Successor
via D 4 2
Feasible Successor
via E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 3
***** Passive *****
via D 2
Successor
via C 4

17. DUAL ажиллагаа (4) Router D Q R R Router C Q Router E = Query = Reply
/24
Router D A
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 -1
***** ACTIVE ******
via E
(Q) Query
via C 5 3
(1) B D Q
= Query R
= Reply
(2)
(2)
(1) R
The following steps then occur:
At Router D:
DUAL receives a reply from Router C that indicates no change to the path to network /24.
DUAL removes the query flag from Router C.
DUAL stays active on network /24, awaiting a reply from Router E to its query (Q).
At Router E, there is no FS to network /24, because the AD from Router C (3) is not less than the original FD (also 3).
DUAL generates a query to Router C.
DUAL marks Router C as query pending (Q).
At Router C, DUAL marks the path to network /24 through Router E as unusable.
(1) C E
Router C Q
Router E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 3
***** Passive *****
via B 1
Successor
via D
via E 4
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 -1
***** ACTIVE ******
via D
via C 4 3
(Q) Query

18. DUAL ажиллагаа (6) Router D Q R Router C R Router E = Query = Reply
/24
Router D A
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 -1
***** ACTIVE ******
via E
(Q) Query
via C 5 3
(1) B D Q
= Query R
= Reply
(2)
(2)
(1)
The following steps then occur:
At Router D:
DUAL stays active on network /24, awaiting a reply from Router E (q).
At Router E:
DUAL receives a reply from Router C indicating no change.
It removes the query flag from Router C.
It calculates a new FD and installs a new successor route in the topology table.
It changes the route to network /24 from active to passive (converged).
(1) C E
Router C R
Router E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 3
***** Passive *****
via B 1
Successor
via D
via E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 4
***** Passive *****
via C 3
Successor
via D

19. DUAL ажиллагаа (7) Router D Q R R Router C Router E = Query = Reply
/24
Router D A
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 5
***** Passive *****
via C 3
Successor
via E 4
(1) B D Q
= Query R
= Reply
(2)
(2)
(1) R
The following steps then occur:
At Router D
DUAL receives a reply from Router E.
It removes the query flag from Router E.
It calculates a new FD.
It installs new successor routes in the topology table. Two routes (through Routers C and E) have the same FD, and both are marked as successors.
It changes the route to network /24 from active to passive (converged).
At Router D, two successor routes are in the topology table for network /24. Both successor routes are listed in the routing table, and equal-cost load balancing is in effect.
The network is stable and converged.
(1) C E
Router C
Router E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 3
***** Passive *****
via B 1
Successor
via D
via E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 4
***** Passive *****
via C 3
Successor
via D

20. DUAL ажиллагаа (8) Router D Router C Router E 10.1.1.0 /24 A B D
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 5
***** Passive *****
via C 3
Successor
via E 4
(1) B D
(2)
(2)
(1)
At Router D, two successor routes are in the topology table for network /24. Both successor routes are listed in the routing table, and equal-cost load balancing is in effect.
The network is stable and converged.
(1) C E
Router C
Router E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 3
***** Passive *****
via B 1
Successor
via D
via E
EIGRP FD AD
Topology
/24 4
***** Passive *****
via C 3
Successor
via D

21. Protocol-Dependent модуль
Protocol-dependent modules (PDMs)
Сүлжээний олон төрлийн протоколыг дэмждэг. Үүнд: IP, IPv6, AppleTalk, and Novell NetWare.

22. EIGRP Administrative Distance (AD)
EIGRP default administrative distances
Routes manually summarized.
Routes redistributed into EIGRP.

23. МЭРГЭЖЛИЙН ЕРӨНХИЙ ДАДЛАГА
EIGRP тохиргоо (1)
Рутер дээр EIGRP-ыг үүсгэх (AS дугаар ижил байх шаардлагатай)
Router(config)#router eigrp autonomous-system-id
Хөршүүд рүү зарлах сүлжээнүүдийг тохируулах
Router(config-router)#network network [mask]
Discontinuous сүлжээ байгаа тохиолдолд автоматаар нэгтгэх үйлдлийг цуцлах
Router(config-router)#no auto-summary
EIGRP update мессэжүүдийг интерфейсээр дамжуулахыг хориглох үүрэгтэй
Router(config-router)#passive-interface type number [default]
МЭРГЭЖЛИЙН ЕРӨНХИЙ ДАДЛАГА

24. EIGRP тохиргоо: Classful
Fa0/0 R1 R2
/24
EIGRP AS 100
Internet
/27
S0/0/1
/24
S0/0/0
64 kbps
/27
.101
.102 .1
Classful configuration example:
R1(config)# router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)# network
R1(config-router)# network
R1(config-router)#
Specific network subnets are identified (without a wildcard mask) on R1 and R2.
The EIGRP adjacency automatically establishes once the R2 S0/0/0 network is configured.
R2(config)# router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)# network
R2(config-router)# network
*Jul 26 10:02:25.963: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor (Serial0/0/0) is up: new adjacency
R2(config-router)#
R2#

25. EIGRP тохиргоо: Classful
Fa0/0 R1 R2
/24
EIGRP AS 100
Internet
/27
S0/0/1
/24
S0/0/0
64 kbps
/27
.101
.102 .1
Classful configuration example:
R1# show running-config | section router eigrp
router eigrp 100
network
network
auto-summary
R1# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is not set
D /16 [90/ ] via , 00:24:02, Serial0/0/0
/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
D /16 is a summary, 00:25:27, Null0
C /24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
C /27 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
D /27 [90/ ] via , 00:16:56, Serial0/0/0
D /24 is a summary, 00:25:27, Null0
R1#
Notice that the R1 running configuration did not recognize the specific configured subnets but instead configured the classful networks.
As well, the R1 routing table only included the classful /16 network and not the more specific /24.

26. EIGRP тохиргоо: Classful
Fa0/0 R1 R2
/24
EIGRP AS 100
Internet
/27
S0/0/1
/24
S0/0/0
64 kbps
/27
.101
.102 .1
Classful configuration example:
R2# show running-config | section router eigrp
router eigrp 100
network
network
auto-summary
R2# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is not set
/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
D /16 is a summary, 00:13:10, Null0
C /24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D /16 [90/ ] via , 00:13:26, Serial0/0/0
/24 is variably subnetted, 3 subnets, 2 masks
C /27 is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C /27 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
D /24 is a summary, 00:13:10, Null0
R2#
Notice that the R2 running configuration did not recognize the specific configured subnets but instead configured the classful networks.
As well, the R2 routing table only included the classful /16 network and not the more specific /24.
However, pings to the R1 LAN would still be successful.

27. EIGRP тохиргоо: Classful
Fa0/0 R1 R2
/24
EIGRP AS 100
Internet
/27
S0/0/1
/24
S0/0/0
64 kbps
/27
.101
.102 .1
Classful configuration example:
R2# show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
<output omitted>
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Automatic address summarization:
/24 for FastEthernet0/0
Summarizing with metric
/16 for Serial0/0/0, Serial0/0/1
Summarizing with metric 28160
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
Routing Information Sources:
R2#
One problem that arises from this automatic summarization configuration is that R2 not also advertises EIGRP messages out of its S0/0/0 interface, it also advertises out of its S0/0/1 interface to the non-EIGRP neighbor.
This is because R2 recognized the classful /24 and interface S0/0/1 is also on this classful network.
To rectify this situation, the networks should be configured to include the wildcard mask.
Without the wildcard mask, R2 would still send EIGRP packets to the external network out of interface S0/0/1, which would waste bandwidth and CPU cycles and would provide unnecessary information to the external network.

28. EIGRP тохиргоо: Classless
Fa0/0
/24 R1 R2
/24
EIGRP AS 100
Internet
/27
64 kbps
/27
.101
.102
S0/0/1
S0/0/0 .1
Classless configuration example:
R1(config)# no router eigrp 100
R1(config)# router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)# network
R1(config-router)# network
R1(config-router)# no auto-summary
R1# show run | section router eigrp
router eigrp 100
network
network
R1#
R2(config)# no router eigrp 100
R2(config)# router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)# network
R2(config-router)# network
R2(config-router)# no auto-summary
R2# show run | section router eigrp
router eigrp 100
network
network
R2#
In this case, the router can be configured with a wildcard mask so the router does not try to form an adjacency with the router in the other AS.
For example, on R2 the EIGRP 100 configuration is first erased and then reentered but now includes the wildcard mask.

29. EIGRP тохиргоо: Classless
Fa0/0 R1 R2
/24
EIGRP AS 100
Internet
/27
S0/0/1
/24
S0/0/0
64 kbps
/27
.101
.102 .1
Classful configuration example:
R2# show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
<output omitted>
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Automatic address summarization:
/24 for FastEthernet0/0
Summarizing with metric
/16 for Serial0/0/0
Summarizing with metric 28160
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
/24
/27
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
(this router) :00:06
:00:26
Distance: internal 90 external 170
This makes EIGRP send messages out of interfaces Fa0/0 and S0/0/1 only.
Also notice that the mask is now included in the Routing for Networks section.

30. EIGRP тохиргоо: Classless
Verify routing protocol information on the router.
R1# show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
<output omitted>
EIGRP metric weight K1=1, K2=0, K3=1, K4=0, K5=0
EIGRP maximum hopcount 100
EIGRP maximum metric variance 1
Redistributing: eigrp 100
EIGRP NSF-aware route hold timer is 240s
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Automatic address summarization:
/24 for FastEthernet0/0
Summarizing with metric
/16 for Serial0/0/0
Summarizing with metric 28160
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
/24
/27
Routing Information Sources:
Gateway Distance Last Update
(this router) :08:56
:07:59
Distance: internal 90 external 170
The show ip protocols command gives information about any and all dynamic routing protocols running on the router.

31. Passive-Interface Example
/24
EIGRP AS 100
Internet
/27
/24
64 kbps
/27
.101
.102
S0/0/1
S0/0/0 .1
R1(config)# router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)# passive-interface fa0/0
R1(config-router)#
R2(config)# router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)# passive-interface fa0/0
R2(config-router)#
In this configuration, routing updates are no longer sent on interface Fa0/0 of R1 and R2.
The alternative configuration makes all interfaces passive and then makes interface S0/0/0 not passive. This method is efficient when there are many interface that should be passive and only a few that should not be passive.
Commands to verify include;
show ip protocols
show ip eigrp neighbors
Alternate configuration:
R1(config)# router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)# passive-interface default
R1(config-router)# no passive-interface S0/0/0
R2(config)# router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)# passive-interface default
R2(config-router)# no passive-interface S0/0/0

32. МЭРГЭЖЛИЙН ЕРӨНХИЙ ДАДЛАГА
Default Route замыг зарлах
Automatic Summarization идэвхгүй болгох
EIGRP Load Balancing
Protocol-Dependent модуль

33. Default Route замыг зарлах
Хоёр арга ашиглах боломжтой:
ip default-network network-number global configuration command.
эсвэл
ip route next-hop | interface

34. ip default-network жишээ
/24
64 kbps
EIGRP AS 100
Internet
/16
/27
/24
.101
.102
S0/0/1
S0/0/0 .1
/27 .2
R2(config)# ip route
R2(config)# do ping
<output omitted>
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 28/28/28 ms
R2(config)# ip default-network
R2(config)# router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)# redistribute static
R2(config-router)# end
R2#
The network must be reachable therefore, a static route to the desired destination network is configured and connectivity to it verified.
The ip default-network command is then used to specify the network as the default gateway. This install the gateway of last resort in the routing table of R2 but does not install it into the routing table of R1.
The static is then redistributed into EIGRP and automatically gets propagated to the R1 router.

35. ip default-network жишээ
/24
64 kbps
EIGRP AS 100
Internet
/16
/27
/24
.101
.102
S0/0/1
S0/0/0 .1
/27 .2
R2# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is to network
S* /16 [1/0] via
/27 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
R2#
The routing table of R2 now has the gateway of last resort set and a static route identified as a candidate default route (*).
R1 also has the gateway of last resort set and an EIGRP entry as a candidate default route that was learned from an external source (it was redistributed into EIGRP on R2) with an administrative distance of 170.
R1# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is to network
<output omitted.
D*EX /16 [170/ ] via , 00:00:20, Serial0/0/0
/27 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
R1#

36. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 interface жишээ
/24
64 kbps
EIGRP AS 100
Internet
/16
/27
/24
.101
.102
S0/0/1
S0/0/0 .1
/27 .2
R2(config)# ip route S0/0/1
R2(config)# router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)# network
R2(config-router)# do show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is to network
/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
D /16 is a summary, 03:13:25, Null0
C /24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D /16 [90/ ] via , 03:13:25, Serial0/0/0
/27 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
S* /0 is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
R2(config-router)#
Specify the outgoing interface creates.
Enter the network command and the gateway of last resort is propagated to the EIGRP AS.

37. ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 interface жишээ
/24
64 kbps
EIGRP AS 100
Internet
/16
/27
/24
.101
.102
S0/0/1
S0/0/0 .1
/27 .2
R2(config)# ip route
R2(config)# router eigrp 100
R2(config-router)# network
R2(config-router)# redistribute static
R2(config-router)# do show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is to network
/16 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
D /16 is a summary, 02:53:48, Null0
C /24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D /16 [90/ ] via , 02:53:48, Serial0/0/0
/27 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
S* /0 [1/0] via
R2(config-router)#
An alternative is to specify the outgoing interface creates.
Enter the network command.
Redistribute the static route.
The gateway of last resort is propagated to the EIGRP AS.

38. Discontiguous сүлжээнүүдийн нэгтгэх үйлдэлR1 R2
/24
EIGRP AS 100
/30
/24
 EIGRP Update: Connected to /8
R1# show running-config | section router eigrp
router eigrp 100
passive-interface FastEthernet0/0
network
network
auto-summary
R1# show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
<output omitted>
Automatic network summarization is in effect
Automatic address summarization:
/8 for Serial0/0/0
Summarizing with metric 28160
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
/24
/27
Passive Interface(s):
FastEthernet0/0
Routers R1 and R2 have both been configured for EIGRP and are advertising their LAN and serial networks accordingly.
Notice that is connected to the /24 network while R2 is connected to /24 and that those networks are separated by a network that is not in the /8 network.
Although Router R1 is configured to advertise the /24 network, automatic summarization is configured (by default), and therefore it summarizes the /24 network to the classful /8 network when sending an update to R2.

39. Discontiguous сүлжээнүүдийн нэгтгэх үйлдэлR1 R2
/24
EIGRP AS 100
/30
/24
 EIGRP Update: Connected to /8
R2 ignores the R1 update because it is already connected to the classful /8 network.
R2# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is to network
/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C /24 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D /8 is a summary, 00:13:35, Null0
/27 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
S* /0 [1/0] via
R2#
R2 ignores the /8 update from R1 because it is already connected to a /8 network.

40. Automatic Summarization идэвхгүй болгох
/24
EIGRP AS 100
/30
/24
 EIGRP Update: Connected to /8
R1(config)# router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)# no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#
*Jul 26 22:14:07.183: %DUAL-5-NBRCHANGE: IP-EIGRP(0) 100: Neighbor
(Serial0/0/0) is resync: summary configured
R1(config-router)# end
R1# show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100“
<output omitted>
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Maximum path: 4
Routing for Networks:
/24
/27
Automatic summarization is disabled on R1 using the no auto-summary router configuration command.
A DUAL neighbor change message appears occurs and R1 is no longer summarizing the /24 network to the /8 network.

41. Automatic Summarization идэвхгүй болгох
/24
EIGRP AS 100
/30
/24
 EIGRP Update: Connected to /8
R2(config)# router eigrp 100
R2(config)# no auto-summary
R2(config)# end
R2# show ip route
<output omitted>
Gateway of last resort is to network
/24 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
D [90/ ] via , 00:05:21, Serial0/0/0
/27 is subnetted, 2 subnets
C is directly connected, Serial0/0/0
C is directly connected, Serial0/0/1
S* /0 [1/0] via
R2#
The R2 routing table now includes the R1 LAN.

42. ip summary-address eigrp
Fa0/0 R1 R2
/24
EIGRP AS 100
WAN
S0/0/0
/24 /8 R3
Гараар нэгтгэх үйлдэл
Router(config-if)#
ip summary-address eigrp as-number address mask [admin-distance]
R1(config)# router eigrp 100
R1(config)# no auto-summary
R2(config)# router eigrp 100
R2(config)# no auto-summary
R3(config)# interface S0/0/0
R3(config-if)# ip address
R3(config-if)# ip summary-address eigrp
R3(config-if)# no shut
R3(config-if)# exit
R3# show ip protocols
Routing Protocol is "eigrp 100"
<output omitted>
Automatic network summarization is not in effect
Address Summarization:
/16 for Serial0/0/0

43. EIGRP Load Balancing Load Balancing тохируулах
equal-cost load balancing
Router(config-eigrp)#maximum-paths 3 (default=4)
Show ip protocols
Unequal-cost load balancing
Router(config-router)# variance 2 (default=1)

44. EIGRP Equal-Cost Load Balancing
Advertised Distance (AD)
Router R1 is configured to support up to three equal-cost paths.
Router R1 will keep the routes via R2, R3, and R4 in its routing table because the three paths have the same metric (cost) of 40 (as shown in the FD column).
The path through router R5 is not used because the metric is bigger than 40 (it is 60).
Even if this metric was the same as the others, only three of the four routes would be used because of the maximum-paths 3 command.
R1 Topology Table
R1(config)# router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)# network
R1(config-router)# network
R1(config-router)# network
R1(config-router)# network
R1(config-router)# network
R1(config-router)# maximum–paths 3
R1(config-router)#
Network
Neighbor AD FD
/24 R2 20 40 R3 R4 R5

45. EIGRP Unequal-Cost Load Balancing
Advertised Distance (AD)
Router R1 uses Router R3 as the successor because its FD is lowest (20).
The variance 2 command makes the path through Router R2 meet the criteria for load balancing because the FD through Router R2 (30) is less than twice the FD through the successor Router R3 (2*20 = 40).
Router R4 is not considered because it was not a feasible successor and only feasible successors are considered.
Also the FD through Router R4 (45) is greater than twice the FD for the successor (Router R3) (2*20 = 40).
Router R5 is not considered for load balancing even though it is a feasible successor because the FD through router R5 (50) is more than twice of the FD for the successor through router R3 (2*20 = 40).
The load is balanced proportional to the bandwidth.
The FD of the route via router R2 is 30, and the FD of the route via router R3 is 20; the ratio of traffic between the two paths (via R2 : via R3) is therefore 3/5 : 2/5.
R1 Topology Table
R1(config)# router eigrp 100
R1(config-router)# variance 2
R1(config-router)#
Network
Neighbor AD FD
/24 R2 10 30 R3 20 R4 25 45 R5 50

46. Анхаарал тавьсанд баярлалаа
МЭРГЭЖЛИЙН ЕРӨНХИЙ ДАДЛАГА