1. 1-Action that is repeated every time. Habitual Examples Present Simple
Present simple tense
Present simple tense
Explanations
1-Action that is repeated every time. Habitual
action
Examples Present Simple
I visit my uncle every Friday .
2-Facts that are believed to be true. Generalizations
A-Cats hate mice. B-The sun rises in the east.
C--The sky is blue.
D-Fish lives in the sea
3-Scheduled events in the near future
The plane takes off at 10 o'clock tonight

3. (Is- are- am)Put into negative
S he is a teacher
Negative: She is not a teacher
They are students
Negative: They are not students
I am a nurse.
I an not a nurse

4. put into negative ( action Verbs)
She plays tennis
Negative: She does not play tennis
They run in the garden
Negative: They do not run in the garden

5. Make question in the present simple tense
statement
question
1-He is a teacher.
2- They are teachers.
Is he a teacher?
Yes, he is .
Or No, he is not.
Are they teachers?
Yes, they are
Or no they are not

6. Present simple/ action verbs questions
statement
question
1- They work hard.
2-A cat runs after a rat.
3 He/ She learns English
Do they work hard?
2-Does a cat runs after a rat?
Yes, it does
3- Does he/she learn
English?
Yes, it does. or no, it does not

7. Present simple tense habits and routines
1- I always drink milk in the morning.
2- Muslims fast in Ramadan.
3- Palestinians collect olives in September
4-We go to the beach in summer.
She/ He loves children.
A cat licks milk

8. Present simple tense refers to Future
The simple present is used to make statements about events at a time later than now, when the statements are based on present facts, and when these facts are something fixed like a time-table, schedule, calendar.
EXAMPLES
The plane arrives at tomorrow.
She has a yoga class tomorrow morning.
The restaurant opens at tonight.
Next Thursday at there is an English exam.
The plane leaves in ten minutes.

9. Present Continuous FUNCTIONS OF THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS
. When someone uses the present continuous, they are thinking about something that is unfinished or incomplete
THE PRESENT CONTINUOUS IS USED:
to describe an action that is going on at this moment: You are using the Internet. You are studying English grammar. !

10. Use of the present Continuous
to describe an action or event in the future, which has already been planned or prepared:
 We're going on holiday tomorrow. 
I'm meeting my boyfriend tonight.
 Are they visiting you next winter?

11. to describe a temporary event or situation: He usually plays the drums, but he's playing  guitar tonight. 
The weather forecast was good, but it's raining at the moment.

12. Put the verbs in the following sentences in the present simple or the present contiguous
.1. Let's go out. It  (not/rain)……………………. now. 2. Julia is very good at languages. She  (speak)…………. four languages  3. Hurry up! Everybody  (wait)……………… for you. 4.  …………(you/listen)………. to the radio now?  No, you can turn it off. .  ………….(you/listen) to the radio every day? No, just occasionally .

13. 6. The River Nile (flow)…………… into the Mediterranean. 7
6. The River Nile  (flow)…………… into the Mediterranean.  7. Look at the river. It  (flow)…………….. very fast today - much faster  than usual. 8. We usually  (grow) ……………vegetables in our garden but this year we  (not/grow) any. 9. How is your English? Not bad. It  (improve) ……………slowly Ron is in London at the moment. He  (stay)………………. at the Park

14. English Action and State verbs
In English language there are verbs that are not normally used in the Continuous Tense, because they describe rather state than an action. They are called state verb (stative verbs, non-progressive verbs). The verbs that can be used in the Continuous Tense are called action verbs (dynamic verbs). Some verbs can be both state and action verbs depending on their meaning.

15. Here are some verbs that are not normally used in the Continuous Tens
like
dislike
love
hate
prefer
remember
forget
believe
mean
seem
understand
want
need
know
belong
own

16. Here are some a few verbs that can be both state and action verbs depending on their meaning. I think you made a mistake. think = believe I am thinking about my mum now. think = mental process
I have two cars. have = possess, own I am having my lunch now. have = eat

17. am seeing my friend tomorrow evening
 am seeing my friend tomorrow evening. see = meeting with I see what you mean. See = understand

18. The following verbs are usually only used in Simple (not in the progressive form).
state: be, cost, fit, mean, suit
Example: We were on holiday.
possession: belong, have
Example: Sam had a cat.
senses: feel, hear, see, smell, taste, touch
Example: He felt the cold.
feelings: hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish
Example: Jane loved pizza.
brain work: believe, know, think, understand
Example: I did not understand him.

19. Exercise: Choose the correct form of the verb depending on whether in this meaning it is an action or a state verb. If both the Present Continuous and the Present Simple tenses are possible, use the Present Continuous tense.

20.    a) Why are you smelling the soup?    b) Why do you smell the soup?
   a) She was feeling his arm on her shoulder.    b) She felt his arm on her shoulder.
   a) Are you having an English dictionary?    b) Do you have an English dictionary?
   a) What are you thinking about?    b) What do you think about?

21.  a) I am feeling much better today.    b) I feel much better today.
   a) What are you looking at?    b) What do you look at?
   a) I am not hearing you.    b) I can't hear you.
   a) What are you thinking of me?    b) What do you think of me?
   a) I am feeling we should go home now.    b) I feel we should go home now.

22. Spelling
If a one syllable (with only one vowel sound) verb ends in one consonant (for example p, t, r) that follows one vowel (for example a, o, e), we double the consonant.
swim swimming
get getting
stop stopping
Some verbs have irregular ing form
lie lying
die dying
travel Br. travelling
Am. traveling

23. Past simple Tense USE : Completed Action in the Past
Use the Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a specific time in the past.
Examples:
I saw a movie yesterday.
I cleaned the house last night
He bought a new house two years ago
Last year, I traveled to Japan.

24. Used to
We use 'used to' for something that happened regularly in the past but no longer happens.
I used to smoke a packet a day but I stopped two years ago.
Ben used to travel a lot in his job but now, since his promotion, he doesn't.
I used to drive to work but now I take the bus.

25. We also use it for something that was true but  no longer is.
There used to be a cinema in the town but now there isn't.
She used to have really long hair but she's had it all cut off.
I didn't use to like him but now I do.

26. Here are the interrogative, affirmative and negative forms of used to
Did you use to exercise regularly?
Yes, I used to go jogging nearly everyday.
No, I didn't use to exercise on a regular basis.

27. David Beckham………………..play for Manchester United.
We……………….have a computer, but we do now.
…………… (they)……….to work together?
That restaurant……………be a clothes shop.
She …………………like him, but now they're married.
Where…………(you)……………school?

28. Negative النفيand Question
I didn't see a play yesterday.
Last year, I travelled to Japan; I didn't travel to Korea.
Did you have dinner last night?
She washed her car.
He didn't wash his car.

29. Use Of the Past Continuous
Past Continuous is used to indicate that a longer action in the past was. interrupted usually by a shorter action in the Simple Past.

30. Examples:
I was watching TV when she called.
When the phone rang, she was writing a letter.
While we were having the picnic, it started to rain.
What were you doing when the earthquake started?
You were not listening to me when I told you to turn the oven off.
While John was sleeping last night, someone stole his car.
Sammy was waiting for us when we got off the plane.

31. Continuous Parallel actions in the past
When you use the Past Continuous with two actions in the same sentence, it expresses the idea that both actions were happening at the same time. The actions were parallel.
Examples:
I was studying while he was making dinner.
While Ellen was reading, Tim was watching television.
Were you listening while he was talking?
I wasn't paying attention while I was writing the letter, so I made several mistakes.
What were you doing while you were waiting?

32. Affirmativeمثبت
Negative منفي
Interrogativeاستفها
I was playing
I was not playing
Was I playing?
You were playing
You were not playing
Were you playing?
He was playing
He wasn't playing
Was he playing?
We were playing
We weren't playing
Were we playing?
They were playing
They weren't playing
Were they playing?

33. They ( wait)……… for the bus when the accident happened.
Exercise : Put the verbs in the following sentences the in past simple or past Continuous tense
They ( wait)……… for the bus when the accident happened.
Caroline (ski) ………when she (break) her leg.
When we (arrive) he ( have) a bath.
When the fire (start) I (watch) television.

34. Past perfect USE 1 Completed Action Before Something in the Past
The Past Perfect expresses the idea that something occurred before another action in the past. It can also show that something happened before a specific time in the past.

35. Examples:
•I had never seen such a beautiful beach before I went to Kauai.
•I did not have any money because I had lost my wallet.
•Tony knew Istanbul so well because he had visited the city several times.
•Had Susan ever studied Thai before she moved to Thailand?
•She only understood the movie because she had read the book.
•Kristine had never been to an opera before last night.
•We were not able to get a hotel room because we had not booked in advance.
•A: Had you ever visited the U.S. before your trip in 2006?
B: Yes, I had been to the U.S. once before.

36. While she ( cook)………. , She (burn) ……….. her hand.
While the children (swim),the father ( watch)…………them

37. Complete the sentences with the past perfect of the verb in brackets
Complete the sentences with the past perfect of the verb in brackets. Use contractions where possible.
Kevin (go) ………………home by the time I arrived.
Ethan suddenly realised that he (leave)…………….. his laptop on the train.
Mum was annoyed because I (not clean)………….. my room.
(they / study)…………………. English before they went to the USA?
We were hungry because (not eat)…………………………...
My phone didn't work because (charge)……………………… it.
Why didn't you want to watch the film?
(you / see) ……………………………………..it before?
Sally was embarrassed because she (forget)…………………………… her dad's birthday.

38. Past perfect continuous
We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past and continued up until another time in the past. "For five minutes" and "for two weeks" are both durations which can be used with the Past Perfect Continuous. Notice that this is related to the Present Perfect Continuous; however, the duration does not continue until now, it stops before something else in the past.

39. Examples:
They had been talking for over an hour before Tony arrived.
She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of business.
How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
Mike wanted to sit down because he had been standing all day at work.
James had been teaching at the university for more than a year before he left for Asia.
A: How long had you been studying Turkish before you moved to Ankara?7.
B: I had not been studying Turkish very long

40. Write the past participle of the following irregular verbs.
speak -
catch -
eat -
understand -
begin -

44. Complete the sentences in past perfect simple (affirmative form.)
I lost the key that he (give)  to me.
He told me that he (see)  the film .
I went outside as I (hear)  a noise.
When they came home, Liza (cook)  dinner.
We could not send you a postcard because we (lose)  your address.

45. Put the verbs between brackets in the correct tense (past perfect simple or continuous.)
I (try) to get tickets for that play for months before my friend finally got them.
When I arrived at the theater, my friend (pick, already) up the tickets.
He was really angry because he (wait) for more than half an hour when I arrived.
When the play started, I (already, apologize) to my friend.
We (watch) the play when the lights went of

46. Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect progressive).
We (sleep) …………….. for 12 hours when he woke us up.
They (wait)………………  at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived.
We (look for) …………… her ring for two hours and then we found it in the bathroom.
I (not / walk)………………….  for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain.
How long (learn / she) ……………………….. English before she went to London?
Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing)……………………….  in the rain too long.
He (drive)………………………..  less than an hour when he ran out of petrol.
They were very tired in the evening because they (help)……………  on the farm all day.
I (not / work)……………..  all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night.
They (cycle)  all day so their legs were sore in the evening.

47. The Present Perfect
The Present Perfect is used to express actions that happened at an indefinite time
or that began in the past and continue in the present.
This tense is also used when an activity has an effect on the present moment.

48. Use of Present Perfect 1-puts emphasis on the result
Example: She has written five letters.( complete now)
2-action that is still going on
Example: School has not started yet.
3-action that stopped recently
Example: She has cooked dinner. (dinner is ready now)
4-finished action that has an influence on the present
Example: I have lost my key. She is crying because she has burnt her hand.
5-action that has taken place once, never or several times before the moment of speaking ( life experience)
Example: I have never been to Australia.

49. Present Perfect or Simple Past
This section will help you to understand the differences between the Present Perfect Tense and the Simple Past Tense.
Has the time period finished?
Rule Example Explanation
The present perfect is used when the time period has NOT finished. I have seen three movies this week. (This week has not finished yet.)
The simple past is used when the time period HAS finished. I saw three movies last week. (Last week has finished.)
Is it new information or old?

50. Rule Example Explanation
The present perfect is often used when giving recent news. Marten has crashed his car again (This information is new)
Past simple is used to express old information
Mark crashed his car last year ( this information is old)

51. Is it a specific time?

53. The present perfect is used when the time is not specific
I have seen that movie already. (We don't know when.)
The simple past is used when the time is clear.
I saw that movie on Thursday.
(We know exactly when.)

54. Since /for present perfect
Rule
Example
Explanation
The present perfect is used with for and since when the actions have not finished yet.
I have lived in Victoria for five years.
(I still live in Victoria.)

55. The simple past is used with for when the actions have already finished.
I lived in Victoria for five years.
(I don't live in Victoria now.)

56. Joji ________ in Tokyo for five years, but he left in 1993. lived
  have lived
The Titanic ________ in 1912.
  sank
  has sunk
Chika ________ from university last July.
  graduated
  has graduated
Gerry ________ off his bike three times this month.
  fell
  has fallen
Somebody ________ my bicycle! Now I'll have to walk home.
  stole
  has stolen

57. Ouch! ________ my finger!
  I cut
  I've cut
I ________ to work every day for the last six weeks!
  walked
  have walked
I ________ my key yesterday, so I couldn't get into the house. Eventually,
I found it in my jacket pocket.
  lost
  have lost
When Young Hee was a child, she ________ in Seoul.
  lived
  has lived
I ________ the movie Titanic three times. I'm going to see it again tonight.
  saw
  have seen