1. STRENGTHENING GERMPLASM SECURITY FOR NGOS AND SMALLHOLDER FARMERS IN INDONESIA By Fransiskus Harum and James Roshetko Delivering trees to farmers: improving for germplasm supply Training workshop, Monday the 29 th October to 2 nd of November 2007 Nairobi, Kenya

2. Introduction  Purpose of the work: i). To strengthen the technical awareness and skills of NGOs and smallholders regarding tree germplasm; and ii) to increase the availability and use of quality germplasm by NGOs and smallholders

3. Southern Sumatera Yogyakarta Nusa Tenggara  Geographic Focus

4.  Partners and Collaborators Indonesia Forest Seed Project (DANIDA) Directorate of Forest Tree seed, Ministry of Forestry Tree Seed Centres ICRAF-SEA Local NGOs Seed Dealers

5. International research organizations National research organizations International seed companies Farmers and Farmer Groups Large private plantations National NGOs Small private nurseries National extension organizations Quantity Quality Farmers and NGOs have weak linkages to tree seed resources They need to develop their own seed security – seed production one part

6.  Local (farmer & NGO) pathways Farmers/NGOs acquire seed from informal sources * Collect from local forests, woodlots, or farms * Exchange with family or friends This local pathways operate in recurrent isolation – * Seed collected repeatedly from the same sources * ‘New seed’ only occasional enters the local population Farmers/NGOs do not follow suitable seed collection protocol * Collect seed from 1-5 trees * Collect from trees that are easy to access * Quality of mother tree rarely considered * Distance between trees not considered * Origins of trees not considered ( unknown or small population) Locally collected seed is often of suspect quality

7. Why Farmer Seed Production ? Seed quality and quantity !!!  Problem for all partners  Seed shortages are common  Use whatever seed is available  No direct access to quality seed

8. - - Flow of seed in and out of Wonogiri-Ponorogo INDONESIA 17% from Sumatra 75% from Wonogiri- Ponorogo 5% from Madura 1% from Nusa Tenggara 10% to Java 19% to Sumatra 28% to Kalimantan 0.5% Abroad 20% to Sulawesi 5% to Nusa Tenggara 0.5% to Bali 17% to West Papua Key: In flow of seed Out flow of seed INDONESIA 17% from Sumatra 75% from Wonogiri- Ponorogo 5% from Madura 1% from Nusa Tenggara 10% to Java 19% to Sumatra 28% to Kalimantan 0.5% Abroad 20% to Sulawesi 5% to Nusa Tenggara 0.5% to Bali 17% to West Papua Key: In flow of seed Out flow of seed

9. Wonogiri-Ponorogo Seed Pathway - 4 types of actors Farmers collect seed Local dealers organize seed collection for dealers/middlemen Middlemen purchase from dealers/companies Companies: dry, clean, sort, store and supply seed to local, national and international customers Remarks: % = percentage of seed flowing to next actor * 24% (362 tons) is exchanged between suppliers Seed Procurement Wonogiri – Ponorogo 873 tons Seed Procurement 1,149 tons Seed companies Middlemen Consumers 24%* (362 tons) 93% (1.069 tons) 7% 80 tons Wonogiri & Ponorogo Seed collectors Local dealers 9% (79 tons) 37% (323 tons) Other Location 276 tons 46% (402 tons) 54% (471 tons) Seed procurement and distribution pathways in Central and East Java

10. Interventions (activities)  Surveys, meetings and participatory appraisals to identify current pathways, capacity and constraints  Training courses, field visits and workshops to enhance germplasm awareness and skills (focused on topics identified in 1)  Technical documents in English and Indonesian on priority topics.  Design and establishment of ‘farmer demonstrations trials (FDTs)’  Evaluate the formation of NGO- or farmer-based seed procurement/diffusion entities (with appropriate links to seed centres)  Procurement of good quality germplasm  Develop NGOs – farmers tree seed supply enterprise  Design and establishment of community base seed orchard

11. Major Constraints  Selection of NGOs and Smallholder farmers as local partner. It is very important to work with NGOs who is dealing with the related activities (Agriculture sector) and has been working with selected community groups  Less support from government institution on working with NGOs and smallholder farmers  Limited of high quality germplasm from improved seed sources. Only 5 major species are available mainly for own consumption (big companies)

12. Lessons for the future  Establishment and management of Community based Seed Orchards is good approach for smallholder farmers. It is not meant to replace Seed Orchards, Seed Production Areas, or Seed Stands.  Key activities should be maintained  Improving seed collection and management skills  Enhancing access to technical information  Promoting the use of technically sounds collection guidelines  Establishing local seed sources and tree plantings with quality seed  Strengthen linkages between farmers/NGOs and formal seed sector (government, forest industry, seed suppliers) These measures will make it possible for NGOs and farmers to improve the seed quality of the seed used at the local level!!!