1. Roaring Twenties to World War II

2. Life in the Roaring Twenties
Life in US after World War I was good
More modern conveniences freed women from household chores
Electricity became more available
Other inventions included gas stoves, toasters, sliced bread, baby food
Radio: WSB started in Atlanta
1927: first talking motion picture
Walt Disney creates Mickey Mouse

3. Life magazine represents the Roaring Twenties with their cover
20s couture designs belonging to the Metropolitan Museum of Art and the Kyoto Costume Institute.

5. The Destruction of King Cotton
Boll weevil: insect which ate Georgia’s most important cash crop
Price of cotton also dropped
1924: major drought (period with little or no rain) hit Georgia
Georgia farmers did not have the “good life” that many Americans enjoyed
Farms closed forcing banks and farm-related business to close

6. The Boll Weevil

7. The Bottom Drops Out
Stock Market: Place where shares of ownership in corporations (stock) are bought and sold
“Black Tuesday” – October 29, 1929: Stock market prices fall greatly; millions of people lose all their wealth
Total losses by end of year: $40 billion
Example: U.S. Steel was $262 per share – dropped to $22 per share
Some stocks worth less than 1¢

8. Crowds outside the stock exchange on Black Tuesday
Crowds outside the stock exchange on Black Tuesday

9. Causes of the Great Depression
Many people had borrowed too much money
Factories produced more goods than they could sell
As people and businesses had problems making money, banks did not get paid for loans
“Speculation” in the stock market: paying only a portion of the price of a stock hoping that the value will go up
Runs on banks: people were afraid they would lose their money if it was left in the bank
laissez-faire: attitude that the economy would fix itself if left alone

10. Living Through The Depression
1932: 13 million unemployed
9,000 banks closed
31 Georgia banks failed
Hoovervilles: named for President Hoover – shacks where homeless people gathered
Soup kitchens set up by charities and governments to feed hungry
Schools were often forced to close or shorten schedules
Georgians were already suffering from economic problems before Black Tuesday

11. Two Children in a Hooverville

12. Easing the Burden
President Hoover’s plan: government would buy farmer’s crops to help raise the price
Plan did not work, but the food and cotton were used to help the needy
Another plan was to hire unemployed people to do work for the government
Plan did not employ enough people to really help

13. The New Deal 1932: Franklin D. Roosevelt elected president
New Deal: Roosevelt’s plan to end the depression
Examined banks for soundness
Give jobs to unemployed workers
Tried to improve American’s lives
Paved the way for recovery though all programs did not work

14. Effects of some of the New Deal Programs
Civilian Conservation Corps: Put young men to work in rural and forested areas, planting trees and terracing fields to prevent soil erosion. Worked on dams, roads, and forest fire prevention
Lived in army-type camps
Paid $30 a month by the government, $22 of which was sent to parents
The effect of this program was that many improvements to the state’s infrastructure were completed.

15. http://freepages. genealogy. rootsweb. ancestry

16. Effects of some of the New Deal Programs
Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA):
Aimed to bring farm income back up to WWI levels
Paid farmers to produce less cotton, corn, wheat, rice, and milk and fewer hogs
Bought farm products to distribute to people on relief
The effect was to raise farm prices and thus enable farmers to buy manufactured goods.

17. Effects of some of the New Deal Programs
Rural Electrification (REA):
A major reform effort to provide electrical power to rural areas of the country.
The effect was to enable many rural areas in Georgia to have electricity

18. Effects of some of the New Deal Programs
Social Security Act:
Began to provide government pensions or retirement pay, to older citizens.
It provided federal money to state governments to help people who were unemployed or unable to work.
The effect of this Act was to improve the social and economic life of Americans in need.

19. Legacy of the New Deal Produced great and lasting change in America.
Was not successful in ending the Great Depression, but gave hope and helped Americans get through the hard times
The New Deal resulted in a general acceptance that government will take an active role in attempting to better the life of citizens in this country.

20. Georgia’s New Deal Governors
Richard B. Russell ( )
Worked to reorganize state government like a successful business
Elected to U.S. Senate and served for 38 years
Eugene Talmadge ( ), ( )
A conservative white supremacist
Did not like New Deal programs in Georgia. He tried to rid the state of them.
He used federal funds to build roads more than to help the unemployed
Eurith “Ed” Rivers ( )
Worked with Roosevelt to increase New Deal spending in Georgia
Began programs for public housing
Term ended with corruption problems

21. Georgia’s New Deal Governors
Talmadge re-elected in 1940
Began to use some New Deal programs
Used his power as governor to remove state officials working to integrate Georgia’s state colleges
Ellis Arnall
1st governor to serve a four year term
Reformed Board of Regents and state prisons
Removed poll tax
New state constitution
Led Georgia to be the first state in the nation to allow 18 year olds to vote

22. Increasing Tensions Country Leader Quick Facts
Dictator: individual who ruled a country through military strength
Country
Leader
Quick Facts
Japan
Emperor Hirohito
Attacked China seeking raw materials
Italy
Mussolini
Attacked Ethiopia and Albania
Germany
Adolf Hitler
Nazi leader; began rebuilding military forces, persecuting Jews, and silencing opponents
Soviet Union
Josef Stalin
Built up industry and military, forced peasants into collective farms, eliminated opponents

23. World Leaders Emperor Hirohito-Japan Adolf Hitler-Germany
Benito Mussolini –Italy
Josef Stalin –Soviet Union

24. The War Begins
1938: Hitler’s Germany attacks France to “take back” land lost in WWI (Rhineland)
Sent troops to take over Austria, Czechoslovakia, and Poland
Great Britain and France declared war
Soviet Union invaded nearby countries and agreed to split Poland with Germany
By 1940, Hitler controlled Denmark, Norway, Holland, Belgium, Luxembourg and a large part of France and began bombing Great Britain

25. A Neutral United States
Most Americans did not want to get involved in the war, but Roosevelt wanted to help Britain
Hitler turned on Stalin in 1941 and invaded the Soviet Union
Lend-lease: policy to lend or lease (rent) weapons to Great Britain and the Soviet Union
American ships began escorting British ships in convoys

26. “A Day That Will Live In Infamy”
President Roosevelt stopped exports to Japan to protest its expansion into other countries
Exports of oil, airplanes, aviation gasoline and metals were stopped
The Japanese attacked the U.S. Navy fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii on Dec. 7, 1941
Japan hoped to destroy the fleet giving them control of the Pacific Ocean
The USA declared war on Japan
Allied Powers: USA, Great Britain, Soviet Union
Axis Powers: Germany, Italy, Japan

27. Pearl Harbor
USS Arizona - Pearl Harbor Memorial, Hawaii

28. American Military Forces
Millions of Americans enlisted after the attack on Pearl Harbor
330,000 women joined – could not serve in combat roles
Segregation in the military kept African American and white service men in different units
Tuskegee Airmen: famous African American flyers of the Army Air Force

29. Tuskeegee Airmen
Seven pilots from Tuskegee Airmen class 42I posing in front of a single propeller airplane.

30. The War In Europe
: British and American troops won control of Africa
1943: Mussolini overthrown and Italy joined the Allies
American general Dwight D. Eisenhower coordinated plan to recapture Europe
D-Day: June 6, 1944 – Allied forces land in northern France
Early 1945: Germans pushed out of France
April 1945: Soviet and American troops meet and Germany surrenders – Hitler commits suicide

31. Georgia Loses A Friend at his “Little White House” in Warm Springs
His polio symptoms were eased in the mineral springs
April 24, 1945: President Roosevelt died at Warm Springs
Millions of Georgians and Americans mourned
Vice President Harry Truman became president

32. The War in the Pacific
1942: Japan expanded its territory throughout the Asian Pacific region
1945: Allied forces began to retake Japanese controlled lands
Japan refused to surrender
President Truman authorized the use of atomic bombs to force Japan’s surrender
Enola Gay: plane that dropped first atomic bomb on Hiroshima, Japan
Japan surrendered after a second atomic bomb dropped on Nagasaki
Over 50 million people died in the war

33. Aftermath of the atomic blast at Hiroshima, Japan, August 1945.
In this picture released by the US Army, a mushroom cloud billowed, about one hour after the atomic bomb was detonated above Hiroshima, Japan, on Aug. 6, About 140,000 are believed to have died in the blast. (US Army Photo Via Hiroshima Peace Museum Memorial)
Aftermath of the atomic blast at Hiroshima, Japan, August 1945.
© Archive Photos/Popperfoto
© Archive Photos/Popperfoto
© Archive Photos/Popperfoto

34. The Holocaust
The Holocaust: name given to the Nazi plan to kill all Jewish people
Auschwitz, Buckenwald, Dachau, Treblinka, Bergen-Belsen infamous concentration camps where Jews and others were executed
6 million people killed in the Holocaust

35. Concentration Camps - World War II

36. Georgia During World War II
320,000 Georgians joined the armed forces – over 7,000 killed
Military bases were built in the state which improved the economy
Farmers grew needed crops – income tripled for the average farmer
Limits were put on the consumption of goods such as gasoline, meat, butter, and sugar (rationing)
Students were encouraged to buy war bonds and defense stamps to pay for the war
Victory Garden: small family gardens to make sure soldiers would have enough food
POW (prisoner of war) camps in Georgia at some military bases

37. Important People and Places in Georgia during World War II
Macon and Milledgeville: location of weapon plants in Georgia
Savannah and Brunswick Shipyards: War production facilities that provided an area to build naval vessels.
Bell Aircraft: Early 1942 announced plans to locate a plant to build B-29 bombers-then America’s largest military plane-in Marietta
Fall 1943, the huge facility was in full operation
Employed 20,000 civilian workers

38. [Photograph of the Liberty ship F
[Photograph of the Liberty ship F. Southall Farrar under construction (second view), J.A. Jones Construction Company shipyard, Brunswick, Georgia], 1944 May 23

39. Important People and Places in Georgia during World War II
Military Training facilities:
Fort Benning, known as “home of the U.S. Infantry”. It was the largest infantry training school in the world
Hunter Airfield (Savannah)
Warner Robins Air Service Command (Macon)
Fort McPherson (Atlanta)
Camp Gordon (Augusta)

40. Antiaircraft soldiers on stateside maneuvers with their mobile 3-inch gun M3 in 1941.
Sixteen Negro soldiers recently won the coveted `wings' of the U.S. Army paratroopers at Fort Benning, in the southern U.S. state of Georgia. The picture shows some of them riding high in a C-47 transport plane preparing to make one of the required five qualifying jumps." March FS
Fort Benning, Georgia, 1941
photo courtesy of Barbara & Kenneth Goodin Collection 

41. Important People and Places in Georgia during World War II
Carl Vinson
Georgia Representative to the United States Congress
Elected to house in 1914
Served for more than 50 years
Respected for knowledge and commitment to military preparedness
Driving force behind building a naval fleet in the pacific Ocean (believed the navy was our nation’s 1st line of defense)
Sponsored legislation creating the U.S. Army Air Corps (later became U.S. Air Force)
                                                                                                                                                 

42. Important People and Places in Georgia during World War II
Richard Russell:
Georgia Senator to the United States Congress
First elected in 1932
Served through 1971
Developed a similar reputation to Carl Vinson’s for helping build America’s military strength during World War II

43. The War’s Effect on Society
Everyone was expected to help in the war effort
Women began working in jobs to replace men who had gone to war
G.I. Bill: law to help returning soldiers adapt to civilian life
Low cost loans for homes or business
College education opportunities
Women and African Americans did not want to go back to the kind of life they had before the war

44. World War II – Effect on Georgia
During the war, the annual income for the average Georgian doubled
More Georgians were employed in manufacturing than in agriculture
End of war marked a period of rapid social and economic change in Georgia
Hundreds of thousands of Georgia GIs had served in far off places and their view of the world changed
Young Georgians had a chance for a better life
Postwar Georgia would never be quite the same