1. Chapter 19: Southwest Asia and the Indian Ocean 1500 1750
The Ottoman Empire
The Safavid Empire
The Mughal Empire

2. Ottoman Empire
Mongol invasion of Turkey in 1243 led to the downfall of the Seljuk Turks and the rise of the Ottomon Turks
Ottomans migrated into “Anatolia” (Turkey)
Named after their leader Osman Bey
By the late 14th century they controlled much of the Balkans
1453 Ottomans conquered Constantinople then became Istanbul
Christian Church of Hagia Sophia was converted to a mosque
Major naval power until 1571 when they were defeated by the Spanish at the Battle of Lepanto

4. Ottoman Society
Focused on warfare and composed of soldiers called Janissaries
Christian boys caught and enslaved
Sometimes turned over by their parents
Selection process of placing boys in Turkish families was called DEVSHIRME
Women had little opportunity to gain education or participate in society

5. Ottoman Decline 17th century the empire was too big to control
Taxes became to high
Fell behind Western Europe in technology

6. The Safavid Empire 1502-1722 Persia = Iran = Safavid Empire
Ismail declares himself “Shah” in 1502 and orders his followers to adopt shi’ite Islam
Relied on Islam as a defining part of their culture
Isfahan (inland city) and Istanbul (port city) important commerce areas
Afghanistan's captured the city and ended Safavid rule in 1722

7. Safavid Empire

8. Religion and Society
Converted to Shi’ite Islam making a permanent difference between Iran and the rest of the Arab nations and adopted the concept of the “Hidden Imam”
Persian and Arab literature and decorative styles had been diverging since the 10th century
Women were seldom seen in public but records show they were active in the real estate market and appeared in court cases.

10. Istanbul vs. Isfahan Istanbul Isfahan Inland city Very few Europeans
Port city-
Colony of European Merchants
City built for walking—small roads—irregular streets—used by artisans and merchants
Women seldomly in public
Some Ottoman women work in real-estate
Cosmopolitan type city
Inland city
Very few Europeans
City built for walking
Not Cosmopolitan-small Armenian group of merchants

11. Istanbul
Isfahan

12. Hindu vs. Muslims in Mughal India
Growing tensions between the two groups
Only 14% of Hindus hold government offices
Akbar-Leader of the Empire seeks tranquility of the Muslims and Hindus
Takes throne at 13 years old
Commands the Army by age 20
Worked to heal the tension of the Hindus and the Muslims
Married Hindu Rajput Princess
Also reduces taxation for Hindus

13. Mughal India
1528, Babur, a descendant of Mongols and Turks, migrated to India to establish Mughal India
Used his superior technology of gunpowder to conquer India
Greatest leader was Akbar (1560 – 1605)
Brought Northern and central India under control
Encouraged cooperation of Muslims and Hindus
Outlawed “sati” for women
Encouraged woman to break “purdah” (confinement to their homes)
Known for architecture
Taj Mahal built by Shah Jahan
Cost of warfare added to the downfall
Unable to make Hindu’s and Muslims cooperate
Decline of centralized authority opened the door for British colonization

15. Trade Empires in the Indian Ocean
Islam spread to port cities in Southeast Asia and the port cities of the East Indies
Portuguese conquered the Swahili coast from the Muslim Arabs
The Dutch took the Malacca from the Portuguese in 1641 because they were more organized
The Dutch lost their monopoly on the spice trade and turned to lumber and coffee.