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Published byEthel Horton Modified over 9 years ago
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1 Solutions One substance dissolved in another substance
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TEKS 10 (A) describe the unique role of water in chemical and biological systems; 10 (B) develop and use general rules regarding solubility through investigations with aqueous solutions; 10 (C) calculate the concentration of solutions in units of molarity; 10 (D) use molarity to calculate the dilutions of solutions; 10 (E) distinguish between types of solutions such as electrolytes and nonelectrolytes and unsaturated, saturated, and supersaturated solutions; 10 (F) investigate factors that influence solubilities and rates of dissolution such as temperature, agitation, and surface area; 2
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3 Solution is... A Homogenous... Mixture of two or more substances (evenly mixed) NaCl H2OH2OH2OH2O NOT It is a physical change …NOT a chemical change + Salt Water
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4 Solution All solutions consist of two parts: Solute Solvent
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5 Solute The substance being dissolved. The substance present in the least amount.
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6 Solvent The substance doing the dissolving. The substance present in the highest amount.
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7 Must a solution be a liquid?
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8 No… Air is a solution Sterling silver is a solution It can be gas It can be solid
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9 Types of Liquid Solutions Aqueous A solution with water as the solvent Tincture A solution with alcohol as the solvent.
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10 Insoluble When a substance cannot be dissolved in a solvent... Oil Water + = Therefore, oil is INSOLUBLE in water.
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11 Solubility A measure of how much a solute can be dissolved in a solvent under certain conditions
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12 Limits of Solubility Supersaturated Supersaturated …more solute than the solvent can handle. Saturated Saturated … the point that no more solute can be added to the solvent or it will be --- Unsaturated Unsaturated … more solute can be added to the solvent
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What affects the rate of Solubility? Temperature Agitation Surface Area Pressure (For Gases) 13
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14 Solubility Graphs saturated Hold all that it can possible hold (at a given temperature) - concentrated Contain less solute than it can hold (at a given temperature) - Diluted More solute then it can hold (at a given temperature)
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15 Ionization The formation of ions by the action of a solvent in solution. NaCl (salt) in to Na + + Cl - in water Ions are formed (+ or -)
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16 Dissociation Is the process of separating ions during the formation of a solution … the more it dissociates, the stronger it is... Na + OH - Na + OH - Na + OH - Na + OH - Strong Base OH - NH 4 + Weak Base NaOH Na + + OH - OH - NH 4 + NH 3 H2OH2O H2OH2O NH 3 + H 2 O NH 4 + + OH -
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17 Solution Concentration Refers to the amount of solute dissolved in a solvent. Diluted (less) Concentrated (more) 5 grams of salt in 100 grams of Water Dilute VS. 35 grams of salt in 100 grams of water Concentrated 100 g. 5 g 35 g
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19 Electrolytes Because dissolved salts have positive and negative ions, they are electrolyte solutions, and conduct electricity Na + Cl - Na + Cl - Na + Cl - Na + Cl - Na + Cl - Na +
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20 Effervescence The escape of a gas from a liquid solution
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21 Water
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22 Common Solvent Water is the most common substance on earth 70% of the earth’s surface 65% of your body mass
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