1. Lung Volume During Emergency Respiration The normal human has a total lung capacity (TLC) of 4-6 liters The normal tidal volume is only 0.5 liters Even at vital capacity, about 25% of the lung volume remains (residual volume) Residual volume can allow chemicals or other foreign substances to remain in the lung

2. High Frequency Ventilation to Promote Fluidic Mixing Creates a turbulent atmosphere Fresh air mixes with residual volume Clean air reaches alveoli more quickly Allows for oxygen to be more efficiently absorbed Waste gases are removed more efficiently

3. IPV vs. Bulk-Flow Ventilation

5. Design Progression  Ambu Bag – too much attention to device and not enough to patient  SureVent – looked to improve this existing system  High Frequency Jet Ventilation – revolutionary form of ventilation  Incorporation into new idea-(piston actuator, reverse whistle, acoustics, pneumatic actuator, fans)  Final Design: Solenoid Valve

6. Design Schematic

7. MicroKing Air Control Valve  3-Way inline valve for rapid control actuating  4.8 Watt Solenoid for 12 VDC  Operating pressure: vacuum to 125 psi  Capable of frequencies of over 100 hz  Price: $25.00

8. Function Generator  MFJ Portable Function Generator for $80.00  Simple square waves with variable frequency  Oscillator circuit consisting of step function generator  Obtaining schematic from Professor Wells

9. Power Source  Requirements: mobile, rechargeable, cheap  12V Lithium-ion battery with adaptor  Rechargeable, Price: $80.00  12V Lead-Acid battery with adaptor  Longer life, less expensive

10. Interview With Dr. Parmley  Witnessed VD4 in action  Obtained target frequency and pressure  Acquired VD4 user manual

11. Where We Go From Here  Construct prototype  Utilize DesignSafe to analyze risk  Meet with Dr. Baudenbacher to select: frequency and pressure transducers frequency and pressure transducers data acquisition software and program data acquisition software and program Construct Testing Apparatus Construct Testing Apparatus