2. Persuasive Strategies

3. Questions/Main Ideas What is Persuasion? What is a “claim?”

4. Questions/Main Ideas What is “logos?” What is “pathos?” What is “ethos?” What is “kairos?"

5. Questions/Main Ideas What is the “audience?” What is a “counterargument?” What is “counter to the counterargument?”

6. What is Persuasion? A means of convincing people: to buy a certain product to believe something or act in a certain way to agree with a point of view

7. Claim Chocolate is a healthy snack. State your argument. The Death Penalty is an appropriate punishment Animals should not be used for the testing of products

8. Logos A Snickers bar has 280 calories and 30 grams of sugar. That’s not very healthy. Facts, numbers, and information. 4 out of 5 people use “Whammo!” an appeal to logic or reason. “It just makes sense to use this.”

9. Pathos “Your donation might just get this puppy off the street and into a good home.” Getting people to feel happy, sad, or angry An appeal to emotions “Feel better faster with ….”

10. Ethos Believe me! I’ve been there before. I’m just like you. Get people believe and trust in you; listen to their conscience – their sense of right and wrong

11. Kairos “This is a one-time offer. You can’t get this price after today.” convince your audience that this issue is so important they must act now. “But wait! If you act now, you can get this free gift!

12. Research Using reliable research can help your argument seem convincing. “A recent study found that students who watch TV during the week don’t do as well in school.”

13. Big Names Expert Opinion Former U.S. president Bill Clinton thinks that junk food should be taken out of vending machines. Important people or experts can make your argument seem more convincing. Professional Skateboarder Eric Kosten and his Nike shoes

14. Bandwagon “wanting to belong” You’ll have just what others have; something should be done because the majority of people do it (or wish to do it). But Mom! Everyone else is going!!

15. Testimonial A ordinary citizen telling the virtue of a product or idea

16. Snob Appeal Means you’re using the “best” product

17. Buzzwords Using words that are popular and vague like “pure and natural”

18. Audience Who are you trying to convince? Mom? Dad? Teacher? Friend? Police Officer? Counselor

25. Counter-argument When you counterargue, you consider a possible argument against your idea/proposal/reason then state why your claim is still good.

26. Counter-argument 2 stages: 1.You first imagine a reader, who doesn’t share your opinion by saying: Someone might object here that… It might seem that… Some people might say … On the other hand ….

27. Counter-argument 2. You then:  Show why it is not a real problem  Agree that the argument is true, but suggest why it’s less important than your idea However …. But … While this may be true ….

28. The Assignment Write 250-word persuasive essay  Topic/issue from the list – brief description  Claim - your “position” on the topic  3 Body paragraphs with the reasons and supporting details  Counterargument  Counter to the counterargument  Conclusion – short!

29. The Assignment  Use 3 of the following strategies: Logos Pathos Ethos Kairos  Use 3 of the following techniques  Use 3 of the following techniques: Research Big names Expert Opinion Bandwagon Testimonial Buzzwords Snob appeal

30. The Assignment Death penalty Prayer in school High school exit exam Product testing on animals Tougher middle school culmination requirements Tracking students according to ability Required completion of 75 hours of community service to graduate from high school Social promotion in middle school