1. © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 1 Living in a Network Centric World Network Fundamentals – Chapter 1

2. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 2 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Objectives  Describe how networks impact our daily lives.  Describe the role of data networking in the human network.  Identify the key components of any data network.  Identify the opportunities and challenges posed by converged networks.  Describe the characteristics of network architectures: fault tolerance, scalability, quality of service and security.  Install and use IRC clients and a Wiki server.

3. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 3 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Requirements for Internet Connection  The Internet is the largest data network on earth.  IT consists of many large and small networks that are interconnected.  Individual computers are the sources and destinations of information through the Internet.  Connection to the Internet can be broken down into the Physical connection, the logical connection, and applications.

4. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 4 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public How Networks Impact Daily Life  Explain the benefits of instantaneous communication and how it supports and improves our lives.

5. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 5 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public How Networks Impact Daily Life  Describe the characteristics and purpose of popular communication media such as, IM, Wikis, Blogs, Podcasting, and Collaboration Tools –Instant messaging Real time communication between 2 or more people based on typed text –Weblogs (Blogs) Web pages created by an individual, give anyone a means to communicate their tho- ughts to a global audience without technical knowledge of web design –Podcasting Website that contains audio files available for downloading

6. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 6 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public How Networks Impact Daily Life  Explain ways that using information networks to share and collaborate improves teaching and learning

7. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 7 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public How Networks Impact Daily Life  Describe ways communication over a network changes the way we work

8. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 8 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public How Networks Impact Daily Life  Describe ways communication over a network supports the way we play

9. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 9 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges  Basic characteristics of communication  Communication in our daily lives takes many forms and occurs in many environments. We have different expectations depending on whether we are chatting via the Internet or participating in a job interview. Each situation has its corresponding expected behaviors and styles. –Rules or agreements are 1 st established –Important information may need to be repeated –Various modes of communication may impact the effectiveness of getting the message across.

10. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 10 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges  Describe the various elements that make up a network –Devices These are used to communicate with one another –Medium This is how the devices are connected together –Messages Information that travels over the medium –Rules Governs how messages flow across network

11. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 11 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Data Networking Role, Components, and Challenges  Describe the role of converged networks in communications( Intelligent Information network) –Converged network A type of network that can carry voice, video & data over the same network

12. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 12 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Architecture Characteristics  Explain four characteristics that are addressed by network architecture design –Fault tolerance –Scalability –Quality of service –Security

13. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 13 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Architecture Characteristics  Describe how packet switching helps improve the resiliency and fault tolerance of the Internet architecture

14. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 14 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Architecture Characteristics  Describe characteristics of the Internet that help it scale to meet user demand –Hierarchical –Common standards or protocols

15. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 15 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Architecture Characteristics  Explain the factors that necessitate Quality of Service and the mechanisms necessary to ensure it

16. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 16 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Architecture Characteristics  Describe how QoS mechanisms work to ensure quality of service for applications that require it.

17. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 17 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Architecture Characteristics  Describe how to select the appropriate QoS strategy for a given type of traffic  Time-sensitive communication  Non time-sensitive communication  High importance to organization  Undesirable communication

18. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 18 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Architecture Characteristics  Describe why networks must be secure

19. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 19 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Network Architecture Characteristics  Describe basic measures to secure data networks –Ensure confidentiality through use of User authentication Data encryption –Maintain communication integrity through use of Digital signatures –Ensure availability through use of Firewalls Redundant network architecture Hardware without a single point of failure

20. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 20 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public IRC and IM  When people want an immediate response they use telephone instead of email. But telephone can not be used for data transfer. So IRC (Internet Relay Chat) and IM (Instant Messaging) fits nice to these requirements. e.g AOL, MSN, Yahoo, ICQ, AIM.  AIM and ICQ use proprietary Open System for Communication in Realtime (OSCAR) protocol.  Both Microsoft and Yahoo use propriety  IETF formalized an open standard, Jabber, based on the Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol (EMPP).

21. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 21 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public Summary  Describe how networks impact our daily lives.  Describe the role of data networking in the human network  identify the key components of any data network  identify the opportunities and challenges posed by converged networks  Describe the characteristics of network architectures: fault tlerance, scalability, quality of service and security

22. ITE PC v4.0 Chapter 1 22 © 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.Cisco Public