1. Date: January 31, 2011 Topic: Campaigns and Nominations Aim: How does the campaign and nomination process function? Do Now: Handout CHAPTER 9

2. The Nomination Game Nomination: Nomination: The official endorsement of a candidate for office by a political party. Generally, success requires momentum, money, and media attention. The official endorsement of a candidate for office by a political party. Generally, success requires momentum, money, and media attention. Campaign Strategy: Campaign Strategy: The master plan candidates lay out to guide their electoral campaign. The master plan candidates lay out to guide their electoral campaign.

3. The Nomination Game – why might a politician not want to run for the presidency? Deciding to Run Other countries have short campaigns- generally less than 2 months. U.S. campaigns (especially for President) can last 18 months or more. Generally need to start out with an electoral base already established.

4. The Nomination Game Competing for Delegates Competing for Delegates The Caucus Road The Caucus Road Caucus: Meetings of party leaders. Used to select delegates on the basis of their preference. Caucus: Meetings of party leaders. Used to select delegates on the basis of their preference. Now organized like a pyramid from local precincts to the state’s convention. Now organized like a pyramid from local precincts to the state’s convention. Not used by many states. Not used by many states. Iowa’s is considered the most important – The Iowa Caucus. Iowa’s is considered the most important – The Iowa Caucus. Ex: 2008 Iowa Caucus – Obama (D) Huckabee (R) Ex: 2008 Iowa Caucus – Obama (D) Huckabee (R)

5. The Nomination Game Competing for Delegates The Primary Road Primary: Elections in which voters choose the nominee or delegates pledged to the nominee. Started by turn of the century reformers. Most states use one of the forms of a primary. Many primaries are early- with New Hampshire being the first. Generally serve as elimination contests.

6. Competing for Delegates Competing for Delegates Evaluating the Primary and Caucus System Evaluating the Primary and Caucus System Disproportionate attention to the early ones. Disproportionate attention to the early ones. Prominent politicians find it difficult to make time to run. Prominent politicians find it difficult to make time to run. Money plays too big a role. Money plays too big a role. Participation in primaries and caucuses is low and unrepresentative. Participation in primaries and caucuses is low and unrepresentative. McGovern/Fraser Commission  make the delegate selection process more representative ie: delegates chosing the candidate represent a diverse cross section of the public. McGovern/Fraser Commission  make the delegate selection process more representative ie: delegates chosing the candidate represent a diverse cross section of the public. The system gives too much power to the media. The system gives too much power to the media.

7. Figure 9.1 The Nomination Game The Perception of Iowa and New Hampshire

8. February 1, 2011 Do Now: Handout Do Now: Handout Notes. Notes. Video Clip. Video Clip. Notes. Notes.

9. The Nomination Game The Convention Send-off The Convention Send-off Once provided great drama, but now they are a basic formality- which means less TV time. Once provided great drama, but now they are a basic formality- which means less TV time. Are still important to the party to get organized and motivated. Are still important to the party to get organized and motivated. Are still important to the party to get organized and motivated. Are still important to the party to get organized and motivated. Party platform: Statement of its goals and policies and general beliefs. Party platform: Statement of its goals and policies and general beliefs. Official nominations and candidate speeches. Official nominations and candidate speeches. Official nominations and candidate speeches Official nominations and candidate speeches

10. The Campaign Game The High-Tech Media Campaign Use of direct mail to generate support and money for the candidate. Get media attention through ad budget and “free” coverage. Emphasis on “marketing” a candidate. News focuses on strategies and events, not on policies.

11. Organizing the Campaign Organizing the Campaign Get a campaign manager. Get a campaign manager. Get a fund-raiser & counsel. Get a fund-raiser & counsel. Hire media and campaign consultants. Hire media and campaign consultants. Assemble staff / plan the logistics. Assemble staff / plan the logistics. Get research staff, policy advisors & pollsters. Get research staff, policy advisors & pollsters. Get a good press secretary. Get a good press secretary.

12. FEBRUARY 3, 2011 Do Now: Handout Do Now: Handout Notes. Notes. Video Clip. Video Clip. Handout. Handout. Notes. Notes.

13. Money and Campaigning The Proliferation of PACs The Proliferation of PACs Definition: Created by law in 1974 to allow corporations, labor unions and others to donate money to campaigns. Definition: Created by law in 1974 to allow corporations, labor unions and others to donate money to campaigns. Over 3900 PACs donating over $212 million Over 3900 PACs donating over $212 million Donate to candidates who support their issue, regardless of party affiliation. Donate to candidates who support their issue, regardless of party affiliation. Not sufficient data that PACs “buy” candidates. Not sufficient data that PACs “buy” candidates.

14. Money and Campaigning The Maze of Campaign Finance Reforms The Maze of Campaign Finance Reforms The Maze of Campaign Finance Reforms The Maze of Campaign Finance Reforms FEC (Federal Election Campaign Act): Created by law in 1974 to administer campaign finance laws for federal elections. FEC (Federal Election Campaign Act): Created by law in 1974 to administer campaign finance laws for federal elections. Public financing of presidential elections. Public financing of presidential elections. Limited spending & required disclosure – limited to $1,000 for individual donations/$5,000 from PAC’s. Limited spending & required disclosure – limited to $1,000 for individual donations/$5,000 from PAC’s.PAC’s. This is known as Hard Money. This is known as Hard Money. Limited contributions to campaigns Limited contributions to campaigns Soft Money Soft Money Contributions (with no limits) used for party-building expenses or generic party advertising – not to a specific candidate. Contributions (with no limits) used for party-building expenses or generic party advertising – not to a specific candidate.

15. Contribution Limits 2009-10 To each candidate or candidate committee per election To national party committee per calendar year To state, district & local party committee per calendar year To any other political committee per calendar year 1 Special Limits Individual may give $2,400*$30,400* $10,000 (combined limit) $5,000 $115,500* overall biennial limit: $45,600* to all candidates $69,900* to all PACs and parties 2 National Party Committee may give $5,000No limit $5,000 $42,600* to Senate candidate per campaign 3 State, District & Local Party Committee may give $5,000 (combined limit) No limit $5,000 No limit PAC (multicandidate) 4 may give $5,000$15,000 $5,000 (combined limit) $5,000 No limit PAC (not multicandidate) may give $2,400*$30,400* $10,000 (combined limit) $5,000 No limit Authorized Campaign Committee may give $2,000 5 No limit $5,000 No limit

16. From Table 9.1 Money and Campaigning $ given % to Rep Microsoft3,942,43553 Philip Morris 2,830,98580 Am Fed of State Empl 6,500,8891 Comm. workers of Am 3,687,6141 NRA2,884,12792 Emily’s List 1,979,8290

17. Money and Campaigning Are Campaigns Too Expensive? Are Campaigns Too Expensive? Fund raising takes up lots of time. Fund raising takes up lots of time. The closer the race, the more money is needed. The closer the race, the more money is needed. Does Money Buy Victory? Does Money Buy Victory? Too much money can be worse than not enough. Too much money can be worse than not enough. But, candidates need “enough” money to win But, candidates need “enough” money to win

18. The Impact of Campaigns Campaigns are perceived as doing: Campaigns are perceived as doing: Reinforcement, Activation, Conversion Reinforcement, Activation, Conversion Mostly, they only reinforce & activate Mostly, they only reinforce & activate Selective perception: pay attention to things we agree with. Selective perception: pay attention to things we agree with. Party identification still has an affect. Party identification still has an affect. Incumbents start with a substantial advantage. Incumbents start with a substantial advantage.

19. Understanding Nominations and Campaigns Are Nominations and Campaigns Too Democratic? Are Nominations and Campaigns Too Democratic? Campaigns are open to almost everyone Campaigns are open to almost everyone But they are time and money consuming But they are time and money consuming Do Big Campaigns Lead to an Increased Scope of Government? Do Big Campaigns Lead to an Increased Scope of Government? They involve lots of communication They involve lots of communication Hard to be all things to all people Hard to be all things to all people