1. Cover Crop Radish

2. Why ? Nitrogen mining & Nutrient scavenging Weed suppression Improved row crop yields Ground aeration & Alleviate soil compaction Promotes water infiltration Pilot hole root penetration Reduce use of chemicals and tillage May provide nematode control

3. 7 weeks old

4. 2 months old

5. According to University of Maryland soil scientist, Ray Weil, a radish cover crop will capture 150 to 200 pounds of nitrogen per acre before winter killing. Upon decomposition, the nitrogen uptake becomes available to the next cash crop. GroundHog will scavenge other nutrients as well. GroundHog has 2-4 times the amount of roots as rye or rape. (at 10”-20”)

6. Root/shoot ratio GroundHog Mustard Oilseed

7. Weed Suppression GroundHog Plot Early April Untreated Plot

8. Weed Suppression When planted in August, forage radish cover crops emerged at the same time as the weeds but grew rapidly forming a closed canopy by the beginning of October, a month before spring oat and fall rye cover crops. Forage radish was killed by frost between November and February. During the winter, forage radish residues decomposed rapidly leaving a thin film of residue on the soil. Forage radish cover crops suppressed all weeds from the time they were planted in late August until April. Horseweed (Conyza canadensis) was suppressed following forage radish in April during the planting window for early seeded crops. When planted in early August, forage radish cover crops can be used to control weeds in the fall, winter, and early spring. They show potential to replace the use of a pre plant herbicide application and be incorporated into management strategies for the control of herbicide resistant horseweed.” Yvonne Lawley1, Ray Weil1, and John Teasdale2. (1) University of Maryland, University Of Maryland, 1109 HJ Patterson Hall, College Park, MD 20742, (2) USDA-ARS, USDA-ARS Bldg. 001 Rm. 245, 10300 Baltimore Ave., Beltsville, MD 20705 University of Maryland trial 2005 & 2006

9. GroundHog produces large taproots and upon decomposition, these roots leave large holes in the ground that improve water infiltration and soil aeration. GrounHog tubes can go 12”-20” deep.

10. Following Crop Root Penetration “Pilot Hole Drilling” Soybean root where the decomposed brassica root was. Space left by decomposed brassica root.

11. Management Seed from August – September (earlier in the north and later in the south) 10-12lbs per acre Broadcasted or drilled ¼ inch deep if drilled Aerial seeding into soybeans before leaf drop 60 units of N for best root growth Doesn't like wet spots Winter kills with temperatures in the teens Don’t use in rotation with brassica crops