2.  Human’s ability to learn, communicate, make tools and control fire enabled invasions of environments not previously inhabitable to their earlier ancestors.

3.  Nomadic wandering lifestyles of hunter- gatherers with no permanent residence placed biological and social restrictions on average family sizes.  Birth-rate low  Death-rate high  Small numbers...

4.  Intentional planting of seeds had profound effect on human history as humans discovered that certain plants and animals were ideally suited for cultivation and domestication.  Larger families were now possible due to agricultural practices. These activities could support larger population densities

5.  Not all humans needed to cultivate, leaving them to become specialized artisans, scholars and merchants  This lead to... ◦ The establishment of political organizations ◦ Major advances in technology ◦ Rapid growth in population...spreading across the globe and displacing indigenous people...brought plants, animals, guns, steel & diseases with them.

6.  Many epidemic diseases evolved where population densities were high...spread around the world as populations increased.  Example...14 th Century ◦ Black Death (bubonic plague...bacteria Yersinia pestis)

7.  17 th century... Science-based knowledge and technology became major influences in factors in European societies.

8.  Populations became increasingly urbanized  Increase in food production = less farming needed  Vaccines, medicine, sanitation!!

9.  These changes allowed humans to avoid the natural limits to growth that had existed for years. The result was a dramatic decline in death rates and a rapidly growing human population.

10. YEARS ELAPSEDYEARSHUMAN POPULATION 3,000,00010,000 B.C.E. (Agricultural Revolution) 5-10 Million 10,0001 A.D. 250 Million 1,8001800 (Industrial Revolution) 1 Billion 13019302 Billion 3019603 Billion 1519754 Billion 1219875 Billion 1219996 Billion 132012*7 Billion 132025*8 Billion