1. 21-08-0214-01-00001 IEEE 802.21 MEDIA INDEPENDENT HANDOVER Title: Multi-Radio Power Conservation Management Date Submitted: January 15 2009 Presented at IEEE 802.21 session #30 in Los Angeles Authors or Source(s): George Babut, Kevin Knoll, Dennis Edwards, Behcet Sarikaya, Junghoon Jee, Anthony Chan Abstract: MRPM Tutorial

2. 21-08-0214-01-00002 IEEE 802.21 presentation release statements This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.21 Working Group. It is offered as a basis for discussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). The material in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. The contributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein. The contributor grants a free, irrevocable license to the IEEE to incorporate material contained in this contribution, and any modifications thereof, in the creation of an IEEE Standards publication; to copyright in the IEEE’s name any IEEE Standards publication even though it may include portions of this contribution; and at the IEEE’s sole discretion to permit others to reproduce in whole or in part the resulting IEEE Standards publication. The contributor also acknowledges and accepts that this contribution may be made public by IEEE 802.21. The contributor is familiar with IEEE patent policy, as outlined in Section 6.3 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manual and in Understanding Patent Issues During IEEE Standards Development http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/guide.html> Section 6.3 of the IEEE-SA Standards Board Operations Manualhttp://standards.ieee.org/guides/opman/sect6.html#6.3 http://standards.ieee.org/board/pat/guide.html

3. 21-08-0214-01-00003 MRPM Tutorial Need for Mult-Radio Power Conservation Management

4. 21-08-0214-01-00004 Multi-Radio Market (Kevin A. Noll, DCN 21-08-0226-01) The market is seeing the introduction of many dual-radio devices. For Example: GSM/WiFi and CMDA2000/WiFi phones EV-DO/WiMax on Cardbus EV-DO/WiMax on USB WiMax/WiFi on PCI-Express Also consider: The typical laptop with integrated wired and wireless LAN interfaces New Mobile Internet Devices (MID) and Ultra-Mobile PC (UMPC) These are just examples. Many other variations are on the horizon.

5. 21-08-0214-01-00005 Multi-radio Device Market (Dennis Edwards) Mobile devices that can access multiple wireless networks are the fastest growing market segment Up 42% in 2006 while unconnected devices shipments fell 41% Canalys press release (visited Nov 5, 2008) 64 million smart phones shipped worldwide in 200664 million smart phones shipped worldwide in 2006 Up 60% in 2007 Canalys press release (visited Nov 5, 2008) Smart mobile device shipments hit 118 million in 2007, up 53% on 2006 Smart mobile device shipments hit 118 million in 2007, up 53% on 2006 From less than 6 million units in 2006, combo handsets will reach nearly 190 million by 2011. In-Stat research summary (visited Nov 5, 2008) WiFi – Where’s the money?WiFi – Where’s the money?

6. 21-08-0214-01-00006 MRPM as an enabling feature for MIH (George Babut) Power consumption is a major implementation factor in any handheld terminal Terminal power consumption, and corresponding battery life, are make-or-break adoption factors for any mobile access technology MRPM is, from that standpoint, a major enabler of implementability of multi-mode mobile handheld terminals Secondarily, MRPM as part of MIH, will augment the adoption rate of MIH, as it will increase the feasibility of power efficient multi-mode terminals

7. 21-08-0214-01-00007 Multi-Mode Handsets (George Babut) One major bottleneck in the implementation of multi-mode terminals is the overall power management mechanism for different radios, each with its own mechanism UMA case experience UMA is a very relevant example of how much impact the power consumption in a dual mode terminal can have upon the early adoption of dual access approaches UMA terminal is a GSM – WLAN dual terminal Early UMA terminals had unsatisfactory power consumption performance, that delayed the commercial UMA service launch

8. 21-08-0214-01-00008 Need for MRPM (5.5) As the number of multi-radio mobile devices increases, there is increased market demand to improve the device battery life. While platform and network specific power managers exist, they operate independently without considering the overall power consumption of a multi-radio mobile device. This project will enhance battery life by providing a power management framework that enables control of multi-radio power states depending on each radio’s power consumption characteristics.

9. 21-08-0214-01-00009 MRPM Tutorial Need for Mult-Radio Power Conservation Management The problem

10. 21-08-0214-01-000010 The Problem (Dennis Edwards) “Before employers can insist that employees use fewer devices, manufacturers need to address battery life and ergonomics issues for portable devices.” In-Stat Research summary, Current Converged Mobile Devices Fail to Compel UsersCurrent Converged Mobile Devices Fail to Compel Users

11. 21-08-0214-01-000011 Multiple interfaces sharing a battery 802.11 802.16 3GPP; 3GPP2 802.11 802.16 3GPP; 3GPP2 +–+– +–+– +–+– +–+– Multiple-interface device will drain battery fast if power consumption is optimized only within each individual network technology Single-interface device: Different technologies have different modes of operation each with different power consumption

12. 21-08-0214-01-000012 Battery life considerations? Connectivity Different modes of operation in different technologies Active/on Off/deep sleep +–+– CDMA Sleep? 802.11 Sleep? 802.16 Sleep? 802.11 Idle? +–+– Response time +–+– +–+– Data rate? Discharge rate? Temperature? Charge count? Battery life also depends on Play back-start Fast call set up Record-start Streaming-start Background-start PTT (interactive) Webpage-start

13. 21-08-0214-01-000013 Purpose Enhance the user experience by extending the battery operating life of multi-radio mobile devices. (5.4)

14. 21-08-0214-01-000014 Existing Solutions (Kevin A. Noll, DCN 21-08-0226-01) End-User manually manages connections Manual configuration frustrates the end-user because: Time required to figure out which connection to use and enable it Frustrated by short battery life Knowledge required of the OS and installed interfaces to enable/disable interfaces Client-based (typically laptops) connection management software Searches for available networks Based on pre-programmed criteria the software chooses the “most desirable” network (not necessarily “best-available”) May or may not disable other interfaces (for the purpose of battery-life, network use cost-reduction, etc.)

15. 21-08-0214-01-000015 Multi-Radio Power Conservation Management (with standard and generalized framework) Media Independent Function MIH_SAP Network 2 (e.g., 3GPP) Command service Event Service LLC_SAP Network 1 (e.g., 802.16) LLC_SAP Information Service Event service Command Service Information Service MIH_LINK_SAP MRPM application Info Server

16. 21-08-0214-01-000016 Candidate MRPM mechanisms Enable a Network Selection Entity (NSE) to consider multi- radio power management policy inputs. Support static or dynamic radio power consumption characteristics. Inform the NSE of the current radio power configurations of a mobile device: whether radio is on, off-available, or off-do-not- disturb, etc. to determine the optimal power configuration of a multi-radio mobile device. Detect traffic destined for a radio interface in the off-available configuration and notifying the mobile device through an alternative “on” radio interface.

17. 21-08-0214-01-000017 Key Ideas Enhance 802.21 to provide platform and network independent power management framework. Schedule radios: Put all radios you can in low power state, signal over an energy efficient channel Adapt to traffic flows: turn on high rate radios when needed, turn them off when they’re not. Avoid futile scanning using location and network information PoA location and coverage information. Still working on this slide