1. 1 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Enterprise Architecting For The System Engineer Introduction To ATutorial By Joseph F Iaquinto, PE joe_iaquinto@stanfordalumni.org September 19, 2008

2. 2 July 26, 2008 Introduction Objectives Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. SE Experience SE Knowledge Decision Support

3. 3 July 26, 2008 Complete Tutorial’s Agenda Introduction: What is EA as Compared to SE Fundamentals of EA Analysis EA Visual Analysis EA Numerical Modeling and Analysis Reasoning About EAs EA Information Modeling – Static EA Information Modeling – Dynamic and Stochastic EA Robustness EA Special Topics Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved.

4. 4 July 26, 2008 Introduction What is EA as Compared to SE Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved.

5. 5 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Enterprise Architecting is Significantly Different From System Engineering

6. 6 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Introduction A Different Vision

7. 7 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Introduction A Different Mission Describe how to make Characterizes

8. 8 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Introduction Different Products Coordinated Rationalization Insight

9. 9 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Introduction Comparison of Products SE Doc Tree EA Repository

10. 10 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Introduction Zachman Comparison

11. 11 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Introduction Process of Enterprise Architecting Determine Motivation For The Enterprise Formulate The Enterprise Detail The Enterprise Certify The Enterprise Obtain Stakeholder’s Approval Strong InfluenceModerate Influence

12. 12 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Introduction Process of Formulating The Enterprise Formulate The Enterprise Formulate The Desired Results Formulate A Course of Action Formulate The Governance

13. 13 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Introduction Skills Required By The Enterprise Architect Liberal Arts Engineering Analysis Clerical Skills

14. 14 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Introduction Practical Advice Verify There Is Leadership Insight Versus Elaboration Rapport Versus Standards Learn the Business Versus Technical Coolness Innate Versus Artifacts

15. 15 July 26, 2008 Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Introduction SE A Springboard to EA Now that we have a map Let’s begin the journey System Engineering Enterprise Architecting Experience Additional Skills Beware Basis of Success

16. 16 July 26, 2008 Introduction: Tutorial Skills Applied To EA Process Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Skill / ProcessDetermine MotivationFormulate EnterpriseDetail EnterpriseCertify Enterprise Obtain Stakeholder Approval Visual Analysis — Stakeholders / Concerns I Views Primary — Who needs what and why do they want it. What is their nomenclature? Design general views to address general concerns of specific stakeholders Design specific views to relate enterprise details to specific stakeholder concerns Select specific stakeholder / concerns / views as "test cases" Select stakeholder concerns for supporting arguments. Data Modeling and Analysis Elaborate stakeholder concern into engineering problem statement. Primary — perform general Deming / Ishikawa analysis to discover general problems — postulate their enterprise solution decisions Perform specific Deming / Ishikawa analysis as required to support detailed enterprise solution decisions Formulate experiments based upon Deming / Ishikawa to certify related concerns have been addressed Utilize results of Deming / Ishikawa experiments in arguments. Reasoning about EAs — The Art of Argumentation Provide warrants for changes to motivation (vision, goals, objectives) Warrant each conceptual EA element and relationship Warrant each detailed EA element and relationship Establish arguments that demonstrate the enterprise has been constructed according to the EA plans Primary - Present arguments to Stakeholders that the EA as built addresses their concerns. Information (Data) Modeling — Static Model influencers, vision, goals, objectives and their relationships Model strategies, tactics and business functions Model products, processes, organization, locations, etc. Model implemented enterprise for comparison to EA Exploit entire model esp. relationships in warranting concerns satisfaction Information Modeling — Dynamic and Stochastic Model changes influencers, vision, goals, objectives and relationships Model and forecast changes in strategies, tactics and business functions Model changes in products, processes, organization, location, etc. Provide potential change capability in EA per potential change in significant motivation Exploit potential change in capability in EA per potential change in motivation in warranting concerns satisfaction Robustness Failures / compensatory actions related to motivation; Enterprise Politics; Sensitivity to Technology Failures / compensatory actions related to modeling and analysis; political implications; Sensitivity to Technology Failures / compensatory actions related to products, processes, organizations, locations, political implications, sensitivity to technology Are compensatory actions implemented and do they work; politics work; proper isolation of technology Exploit robustness analysis in warranting concerns are satisfied

17. 17 July 26, 2008 Introduction Foundations: System Theory Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. CONOPS Requirements Specifications Configuration Management Project Management Mapping and Tracing Modeling Steady State & Transient Deterministic vs. Non Information Theory Cybernetics Analysis Calculus Searches / Graph Theory Stochastic Systems

18. 18 July 26, 2008 Introduction Modeling the Effects of Time Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Business Objective Time Transient Behavior Steady State Behavior

19. 19 July 26, 2008 Introduction Modeling Uncertainty Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Probability Product Quits 510 515 Process A Process B

20. 20 July 26, 2008 Introduction Modeling Information Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Relationships ParentVerb PhraseChild InformationTechnologyRequirementmay be satisfied byArchitecture InformationTechnologyRequirementis supported bySystem InformationTechnologyRequirementspecifiesTask Materielis related toMateriel may be represented byMilitaryPlatform Materielis represented byNode Materielparticipates inOrganization MilitaryPlatformis related toMilitaryPlatform is employed in support ofMission MilitaryPlatformis represented byNode Organizationcontrols payload forSatellite Organizationcontrols platform forSatellite Organizationparticipates inMateriel OrganizationTypeis cited byArchitecture OrganizationTypeis cited forNode OrganizationTypeis related to OrganizationType is referenced in Document OrganizationTypeclassifiesOrganization OrganizationTypehas responsibility forSystem Satellitemay serve as aMilitaryPlatform Satelliteis related toSatellite Systemis responsibility ofOrganizationType SystemincludesSatellite

21. 21 July 26, 2008 Introduction Modeling Equilibrium or Tendencies Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. New Customers Wear Outs Stolen Destroyed Product Demand EnterpriseMeasure

22. 22 July 26, 2008 Introduction Analysis by Calculus Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Optimization Business Goal Business Objective Consequential Analysis

23. 23 July 26, 2008 Introduction Analysis by Graph Theory Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. A B

24. 24 July 26, 2008 Introduction Analysis of Uncertainty Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. Business Objective: Repair Turnaround within 3 days Technician Availability Spares Availability Diagnosis Time Parts Change Time Shipping Time ?

25. 25 July 26, 2008 Introduction Our Example Enterprise Copyright © 2008 Joseph F Iaquinto, PE. All rights reserved. The Auto-Mower Company Auto-Mower FinanceSalesEngineering Manufacturing Customer Service Transportation One Company Location