1. WHY ARE SOME PLACES MORE DEVELOPED THAN OTHERS? RAJU J DAS

2. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES GEOGRAPHICAL FACTORS –CLIMATE AND LACK OF RESOURCES –RELIANCE ON FLOW RESOURCES –SPATIAL DISADVANTAGES

3. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES DEMOGRAPHIC FACTORS –HIGH POPULATION GROWTH RATE (STAGE 2/3 OF DTM)

6. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES –YOUTHFUL AGE STRUCTURE

8. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES –MALTHUSIAN IDEA

10. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES –EVEN TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE WILL NOT BE OF MUCH HELP?

12. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES ASSESSMENT OF THESE THEORIES –ECOLOGICAL/SPATIAL FACTORS CANNOT CAUSE UNDERDEVELOPMENT –POPULATION FACTORS MAY ONLY EXACERBATE TW PROBLEMS BUT CANNOT CAUSE THEM

13. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES CAPITALISM-CONSUMPTION LINKAGE UNEQUAL DISTRIBUTION OF RESOURCES AND SOCIAL PRODUCTION OF SCARCITY

15. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES THIRD WORLD’ LACK OF TECHNOLOGY

17. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES CULTURAL MODERNIZATION –DIVISION OF LABOUR NOT DEVELOPED –NOT PROFIT-ORIENTED –DRIVE TO ENHANCE INDIVIDUAL CAREER NOT THERE –LOW EDUCATION LEVEL > RESISTANCE TO SOCIAL CHANGE AND DIFFUSION OF TECHNOLOGY

18. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES MORE STRUCTURAL IDEAS –STATUS OF WOMEN

20. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES –ELITE CONTROL OVER RESOURCES  UNEQUAL DEVELOPMENT –LOW WAGES  LIMITED MARKET  LIMITED PRODUCTION>LIMITED DEVELOPMENT

21. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES –ELITES OFTEN INVEST ABROAD OR IN PRODUCTION OF LUXURY GOODS

22. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES –POVERTY  A LARGE PART OF INCOME SPENT ON FOOD  LESS SPENT ON SERVICES AND MANUFACTURED GOODS  OPPORTUNITIES FOR JOBS CREATION LIMITED

23. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES –SUBSISTENCE/INFORMAL SECTOR SUBSIDIZING THE COMEMRCIAL/ CORPORATE SECTOR

24. THEORIES OF INTERNAL CAUSES –FAILED STATE ELITE CONTROL OVER THE STATE STATE AS PRIVATE PROPERTY> CORRUPTION [USE OF PUBLIC OFFICES FOR PRIVATE GAIN]

26. THEORIES OF EXTERNAL CAUSES COLONIALISMNEO-COLONIALISM –DEBT->INTEREST PAYMENT –VALUE OF PRIMARY GOODS DOES NOT INCREASE AS MUCH AS THAT OF OTHER GOODS

27. THEORIES OF EXTERNAL CAUSES  INTERNATIONAL TRADE- >TERMS OF TRADE AGAINST THE THIRD WORLD

29. THEORIES OF EXTERNAL CAUSES –SEE-SAW MOVEMENT OF CAPITAL AGGLOMERATION ECONOMIES AGGLOMERATION DISECONOMIES

30. THEORIES OF EXTERNAL CAUSES GLOBALIZATION & NIDL LIMITED BENEFITS [SO FAR]

32. THEORIES OF EXTERNAL CAUSES …. MORE IN THE GLOBALIZATION DISCUSSION

33. CONCLUSION MULTIPLE CAUSES OF UNDER- DEVELOPMENT THIRD WORLD UNDER-DEVELOPMENT IS A PART OF GEOGRAPHICALLY UNEVEN DEVELOPMENT AT THE GLOBAL SCALE AGAINST DEVELOPMENTALISM (E.G. ROSTOW)