1. The European Union AP Comparative Government ERHS Mr. Saliani

2. What the EU is for Began with the creation of the European Coal and Steel Community Finding a way to secure a durable peace France & Germany (rivals) were bound together and have become regional leaders “The first concrete foundation of a European federation which is indispensable to the preservation of peace” Robert Schuman (French Foreign Minister)

3. Original Membership and Economic Goals The founding six members were: France, Germany, Belgium, Luxembourg, Italy, & the Netherlands. The decision to incorporate a single currency was partially based on the reunification of Germany. (Why?) How did geography play a part in the original European Coal & Steel Community? The European Economic Community (EEC) integrated the economies of the several states (1958).

4. Economic Strength & Prosperity The EEC was able to enter trade negotiations with the U.S. on level terms. What were the effects of this decision? Churchill “We must now build a kind of United States of Europe…” Thoughts? How would you describe Britain’s role in the Community? What are the motives for states to join the Union?

5. Theories & Explanations Two ways to explain the Community/Union 1. Emphasis on the role of the member states and their intergovernmental dealings The member governments continue to pursue their national interests… 2. Greater weight placed on the European Institutions - Can they handle the wide range of affairs involving the member states?

6. Federalist Perspective How do nations effectively deal with transnational problems? (Economic, Environmental, & Security) Should states continue to retain control over which they can still cope with adequately? Will the member states continue to allow for the strengthening of the European Institutions to guarantee an effective democratic polity? What are some of the future clashes that you can foresee?

7. Chapter 2 – How the EU was Made Built slowly and methodically – on success Motives – 1. Security 2. Military, Pol., & Eco. relationships 3. Prosperity 4. Environmental 5. External Relations

8. The Treaties Treaty of Rome (1958) ECSC Treaty (in force 1952) Single European Act (1987) Maastricht Treaty (1993) Amsterdam Treaty (1999) Nice Treaty (2000)

9. Widening & Deepening Britain, Ireland,and Denmark joined (1973) Britain held a referendum to continue membership which passed 2-1 (1975) Was membership worth it to Britain? Thatcher fought for intergovernmentalism & economic equity. She put a block on Community business until cut Britain’s high net contributions to the EU budget.

10. European Union towards Federalism Treaty of European Union (Maastricht) 1. Economic and Monetary Union 2. European Parliament gained powers 3. Introduced European Citizenship 4. Common Foreign & Security Policy 5. Police & Judicial Cooperation in Criminal Matters

11. Further Enlargement Greece, Portugal, & Spain (1986) All were former dictatorships Sweden, Finland & Austria (1995) Ten Central and Eastern European States obtained association with the Union and sought ascension. (Can you name them?) What are the concerns with enlargement of the Union?