1. POLICY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
OPS-PPD
POLICY DEVELOPMENT PROCESS AT THE DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
JESUS LR MATEO
Assistant Secretary for Planning and Development

2. Policy review towards achieving education outcomes
DepEd
POLICY REGIME
(Output)
ACCESS
QUALITY
GOOD GOVERNANCE
POLICY REVIEW
(Input)
EDUCATION
OUTCOMES
Diffused policies
Policy Framework
Policy process
Ad hoc formulation/adoption
Formulation – style guide
Clearing house - Board sub-committee
Policy
Gaps
Policy review objective: Provide coherence in deped policies
State of deped policies
* diffused – many separate issuances 12k+ DMs, 3,700+DOs, uploated
* no institutionalized system for formulation
* gaps
Absence of policy – new policies
De facto policies- adopt
Incomplete policies- new/additional
Unclear policies – new/clarificatory
Inconsistent policies – new/clarificatory
Output is to develop a deped policy regime that will support the attainment of educ outcomes
Policy framework (includes process) – what policies are, rationale, areas
Policy process – Procedure/steps on how policy is formulated/draft, adopted (who, when, implemented, monitored and evaluated
Identify and address policy gaps – Policy instruments (provide examples)
Manual/compendium
Policy Instruments
No policy
De facto policies
Incomplete, unclear or conflicting policies
Specific issuances
Classification
Manual/Compendium

3. Evidence-Based Policy Making
The New Policy
DepEd Order No. 13, s.2015
Issued on April 13, 2015
“Establishment of a Policy Development Process at the Department of Education”
Evidence-Based Policy Making

4. Evidence-Based Policy Making
An approach that ‘helps people make well informed decisions about policies, programmes and projects by putting the best available evidence from research at the heart of policy development and implementation’ (Davies, 2004: 3).

5. Features of the new policy
Provides mechanisms and procedures for the formulation, adoption and review of polices
Serves as guide for DepEd CO and its stakeholders in developing and issuing policies
Is based on the policy cycle which promotes evidence-based and participatory approach
Defines system for tracking of compliance to policy
Establishes system for periodic review of policy implementation
Adheres to common format and style
Supported by an interactive and DepEd Website for easy search and download

6. Policy Development Process
Repeal of policy
Policy amendment
Policy continuation
AGENDA SETTING
POLICY AGENDA
Formal or informal Initiated within or outside DepEd
POLICY FORMULATION
POLICY OPTIONS
Proponent unit conducts policy analysis PRD* reviews contents of draft DO ExeCom reviews draft policy PD-PAS** reviews language and style of draft DO
POLICY ADOPTION
POLICIES
Secretary approves/signs DO PD-PAS** assigns number and publishes signed DO Uploads signed DO to the DepEd website based on appropriate category
POLICY IMPLEMENTATION
POLICY OUTPUTS
DepEd implementers undertake activities to carry out policy Proponent unit undertakes progress monitoring PRD undertakes policy compliance monitoring
POLICY REVIEW
POLICY
Proponent unit, in coordination with PRD, conducts policy evaluation
*Policy Research and Development Division under the Planning Service (PRD-PS) **Publications Division under the Public Affairs Service (PD-PAS)

7. Emerging policy Agenda
Policy Area
Initial Policy Agenda
Curriculum & Instruction
Instruction and Pedagogy
Assessment
Learning Materials
Programs
Governance, Ops & Admin
Establishment , renaming, merging of schools
Service Standards
School-Based Management
Learning Environment
School Facilities
School Sites
Community environment
Human Resource Mgt & Dev’t
Recruitment, selection, hiring and promotion
Performance Management and incentives
Career and Professional Development of employees
Criteria
1. Follow a uniform format
2. Research and evidence-based -- fair, just, impartial, risk
manageable; and risk responsive
3. Relevant and useful
4. Enabling and Empowering
5. Clear and unambiguous with:
Objectives & messages
Procedure
Term and scope of application: long term, general or issue-specific
Accountability and responsibility
Effectivity
6. Consistent with principles and provisions within the policy, other applicable non-DepEd policies
7. Feasible, attainable
8. Gender and child sensitive
9. Measurable for effective M&E for future policy review / reformulation
Finance
Fiscal administration
Budget allocation, expenditures
Salaries, allowances, benefits of teachers and personnel

8. OFFICE RELATIONSHIPS DECISIONS/ POLICIES/ THRUSTS SUPPORT OFFICES
SUPPORT SERVICES
CORE SERVICES
OUTCOMES
OSEC
Standards
BHROD HR
Standards
OPS
BEA
Curriculum &
Instruction
Research &
Studies
Cur. Policy
IAS
Graduates prepared for further education and world of work
Training
Standards
Governance &
Operations
BCD
Hiring
Incentives
Promotions
Legal and
Legislative
Affaits
Cur. Standards
Teacher
Welfare AS
ICTS
BLD
Effective Delivery of Curriculum
Finance and
Administration
ICT
Standards
Service
Standards
Student Support
Programs
Strategic
Management
Training
DRRMS
NEAP
Accessible and Quality Education For All
Learner
Welfare
Standards
BLSS
Attached Agencies NM
NCCT
NBDB
PHSA
Finance
Standards
Learning Mats LS
FMS
PMS
M & E
BLR
Cash Sched
Procurement
Coordinating
Councils
LCC
TEC
ECCDC
Projects
Good Public
Perception
PAS PS
Press Releases,
Media Relations
EAS
MOU/MOA,
Bilateral
Partnerships

9. Role Application, example
Levels
Role Application
Central Office
Formulation of Policy on MTB-MLE
Conducted Policy Analysis
Undertook consultations
Regional Office
Contextualization of policy:
Conducted language mapping
Engaged orthographer to write the spoken language
Conducted capacity building
Quality Assured implementation of policy
Division Office
Implementation of Policy
Formulated implementation Plan
Trained teachers in both content and pedagogy
Monitor progress of implementation
School
Implemented the policy in the classroom

10. Policy Approval Process
DepEd implements the new policy
PRD conducts review and rapid policy analysis
Proponent conducts consultation with relevant offices
PRD endorses the proposed policy issuance to EXECOM for Deliberation
EXECOM en banc deliberates on the proposed policy issuance
Secretary of Education approves the policy issuance
PAS-PD publishes the newly approved policy
Implementing Office collaboration with PRD conducts periodic M&E No
Yes
Preparation
Implementation and M&E
Approval
Pass
Proponent defines the policy issue/problem
Approved?
Returns the draft policy issuance with comments and recommendation to the proponent for revision
Proponent writes the proposed policy issuance and submits to PRD with complete CSW
Implementing Office and PRD submits periodic reports on the progress of policy implementation

11. DepEd Issuances DEPED ISSUANCES CONTENT EFFECT DURATION SCOPE/SCALE
EFFECT
DURATION
SCOPE/SCALE
ISSUING AUTHORITY
DEPED ORDERS (DO)
Establish DepEd policies
May contain accompanying procedures for policy implementation
Mandate or constrain actions or behavior among DepEd stakeholders
Create rights and obligations in furtherance of DepEd’s mandate
Usually long-term/ permanent in nature, unless rescinded or amended by another DO
Usually concern DepEd-wide issues
Usually DepEd-wide or national in application
From Central Office, issued and signed by the Secretary as the alter ego of the President
DEPED MEMORANDA
(DM)
Disseminate instructions, information, or related matters, including creation of committees or task force; submission of lists or reports; announcement of celebrations, surveys, holidays, examinations, contests, or results thereof, and conference or seminars and reiteration of regulations or laws issued by other agencies or departments.
May provide for detailed procedures to implement established laws or policies of the DepEd or other agencies of government
May mandate or constrain actions or behavior among DepEd stakeholders
May create rights and obligations in furtherance of DepEd’s mandate
Usually short-term/ temporary in application
May refer to DepEd-wide matters or more specific concerns
May be DepEd-wide or specific in application
From Central Office, issued and signed by the Secretary or the concerned Undersecretary

12. DEPED ISSUANCES CONTENT EFFECT DURATION SCOPE/SCALE ISSUING AUTHORITY
EFFECT
DURATION
SCOPE/SCALE
ISSUING AUTHORITY
OFFICE ORDERS
Contain operational guidelines, rules, and procedures on matters of internal administration of the Department’s bureaus, centers, units or offices. It also includes notices of human resource actions or decisions
May mandate or constrain actions or behavior among DepEd Central Office personnel
May create rights and obligations in furtherance of DepEd’s mandate
Usually short-term/ temporary in application
Usually refer to concerns limited to a bureau or unit in the Central Office
Not DepEd-wide in application; applies to limited officials and staff of the DepEd Central Office
Issued and signed by the Secretary or the concerned Undersecretary, Assistant Secretaries, heads of bureaus, services or offices
OFFICE MEMORANDA
Dissemination of instruction, information, or related matters
May mandate or constrain actions or behavior among DepEd stakeholders
ADVISORIES
Announce the conduct of programs, projects or activities requested by local, national and international partner companies, associations, organizations, institutions or agencies external to DepEd, referred to in DepEd Order No. 8, series of 2013
Do not create rights and obligations
Short-term/temporary
May be DepEd-wide or specific in application
Issued in accordance with the procedures of DepEd Order No. 8, series of 2013

13. 13 Elements of a DepEd Order

14. Back up
OPS-PPD

15. What is Evidence? Expert knowledge; Published research;
Existing research;
Stakeholder consultations;
Previous policy evaluations;
The internet;
Outcomes from consultations;
Costings of policy options;
Output from economic and statistical modelling’
Source: Cabinet Office, 1999

16. Factors influencing policymaking in Government
Expertise & Experience
Pragmatics & Contingencies
Judgement
Evidence
Lobbyist & pressure groups
Resources
Habits and Tradition
Values
Source: Davies (2004)

17. Rapid Policy Analysis
Upon Receipt of draft policy issuance, check if the required annexes are complete and all the required forms are substantially accomplished
If incomplete, immediately return the documents to the proponents with detailed notes and observation.
If complete, check the policy proposal summary and check if each required elements are properly accomplished.
Completeness
Focus on the main problem being address by the proposed policy. Check if the problem is evident or if there are existing policies that addresses directly and indirectly the stated problem.
Check if the proposed policy is appropriately prepared, check if pre-requisite activities like consultation was undertaken.
Note all observations on substance, language and style and include it in the detailed feedback to the proponent.
Substance
If the proposed policy is well written and needs no revision, endorse the documents to PD-PAS for styling and language review. Once returned by PD-PS, prepare the endorsement letter to ExeCom for approval.
If incomplete, requiring revision, does not follow the basic steps, and other observations, return the policy proposal to the proponent detailing the observations, suggestions and recommendations
Do an in-depth policy research to substantiate the observations. Wait for the proponent to re-submit the policy proposal, make follow ups when necessary.
Recommendation

18. Teacher recruitment, hiring and selection
Priority Policy Gaps
Teacher recruitment, hiring and selection
Provision of crucial resources – school facilities & learning materials
Transparency & accountability –school & department level use of resources
Pragmatic – 61K, K+12

19. Steps in Policy Analysis
Identification and verification of the problem
Identification of criteria for an appropriate policy that will address the identified problem
Identification of policy options
Comparing and contrasting the policy options.
Identification of recommended policy
Implementation, monitoring and evaluation of the recommended policy

20. Dynamics of Evidence-based Policy
Opinion-Based Policy
Evidence-Based Policy
Increasing pressure (Time)
Source: Adapted from Gray (1997)