1. Comparison of extrapolation method and a method of dynamic dilutions with Nasal Ranger Field Olfactometer as two methods of odour concentration determination (an example of results of measurements at a mink farm) Prof. dr hab. eng. Joanna Kośmider, MSc Beata Krajewska Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

2. 1.Introduction 2.Aim and scope of the research 3.Methodology of measurements and calculations 4.Results 5.Conclusions Table of contents Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

3. Introduction

4. EN 13725: 2003, „Air quality - Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry” Area sources Point sources No standard, various methods used Determination of odour concentration in odourous releases at Introduction Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

5. Aim of the research Comparison of two methods for determining odour concentration of emission releases at field conditions (mink farm) Dynamic dilutions with Nasal Ranger Field Olfactometer C od [ou/m 3 ] Odour intensity assessment Extrapolation method of S – log Z Weber-Fechner dependence Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

6. Scope of the research Concentrated gas diffusing from an animal house sampled during 11 measurement sessions Odour intensity of 11 basic samples and 33 samples obtained on the way of diluting the basic ones evaluated by 6 panelists Determination of odour concentration of the air inside an animal house by 6 panelists during 11 measurement sessions with field dynamic olfactometer Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

7. Methodology

8. Sampling methodology Stroehlein sampling system Nalophan foil bags of 20 dm 3 capacity tipped with teflon tubes and plugs Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

9. Static dilutions of a basic sample (Sample A) with odourless air with Hamilton syringes (500 cm 3 capacity) – preparing: - Sample B (dilution factor = 3), - Sample C (dilution factor = 9), - Sample D (dilution factor = 18). Sampling methodology Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

10. Methodology of odour intensity assessments Odour intensity scales: - verbal (odourless, faint, significant, strong, very strong), - point (0, 1, 2, 3) - scales of standards (e.g. n-butanol scale of standards) Ten aqueous solutions of n-butanol whose concentrations form a geometric sequence of 2.86 Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

11. 1.Determination of individual odour threshold by each panelist Methodology of odour intensity assessments 2. Assessment of odour intensity of four samples (A, B, C, D) by comparison with the scale of standards Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

12. Methodology of odour intensity assessments Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

13. 6 Methodology of odour intensity assessments Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

14. Methodology of odour intensity assessments Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

15. Methodology of odour intensity assessments Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

16. No of a standard No zero Standard assigned to the sample > 10 9-10 x 8-9 7-8 xx 6-7 5-6 4-5 3-4 2-3 1-2 <1 No of a standard No zero Standard assigned to the sample > 10 9-10 x 8-9 x 7-8 x 6-7 5-6 4-5 3-4 2-3 1-2 <1 No of a standard No zero Standard assigned to the sample > 10 9-10 x 8-9 xx 7-8 6-7 5-6 4-5 3-4 2-3 1-2 <1 No of a standard No zero Standard assigned to the sample > 10 9-10 x 8-9 x 7-8 x 6-7 5-6 4-5 3-4 2-3 1-2 <1 No of a standard No zero Standard assigned to the sample > 10 9-10 x 8-9 7-8 x 6-7 x 5-6 4-5 3-4 2-3 1-2 <1 No of a standard No zero Standard assigned to the sample > 10 9-10 x 8-9 7-8x 6-7 5-6 4-5 3-4 2-3 1-2 <1 S 6 = 2 X 4 samples Panelist I Sample Odour intensity, S Dilution factor, Z A7.51 B63 C4.59 D2.518 Methodology of detemination of odour concentration X 6 panelists Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

17. Extrapolation method Weber-Fechner psychophisical law Methodology of detemination of odour concentration S pan. I = 0, log Z ITE, pan. I = 7,8/3,9 = 2, Z ITE, pan. I = 10 2 = 100 X 6 panelists c od = Z ITE, geom. mean Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

18. Nasal Ranger dynamic olfactometry Methodology of detemination of odour concentration Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

19. Nasal Ranger dynamic olfactometry Selectable dilution ratios: 2, 4, 7, 15, 30, 60 Adjustable breething speed: 16-20 dm 3 /min. Methodology of detemination of odour concentration Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

20. Measurement resultDilution factor, Z D/T (V cleaned /V crude ) YES (V cleaned /V crude ) NO Z YES Z NO Z ITE 601206112186 3060316143 1530163122 71581611 47586 24354 02132 Nasal Ranger dynamic olfactometry Methodology of detemination of odour concentration Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

21. Compliance with EN 13725: „Air quality. Determination of odour concentration by dynamic olfactometry” 0.2 < Z ITE / Z ITE geom. mean < 5 was verified. If the results incompliant with the requirement - left out. Methodology of detemination of odour concentration Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

22. Results

23. Series Individual odour intensity assessment Arithmetical mean of odour intensity, S mean SISI SIISII S III SIVSIV SVSV S VI S VII S VIII M17.5 4755--6.0 M26.5 5.5 6.5--6.2 M35.564557--5.4 M46.5745.54.56.5--5.7 M587.575.54.57--6.6 M676.54.5667--6.2 M7864.56.56 ---6.2 M87.5 5766.5--6.6 M97.57 -6.567--6.8 M107 -4.5 -5.56,55.565.8 M116.55 - 7 -5.5-6.1 Results of determinations of odour intensity of the air inside of an animal house (basic samples A) Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

24. Dependence of individual odour intensity assessment of the air in vicinity of cages with minks on the factor of dilution (Z) with pure air. An example concerning measurements carried out by the assessors I-VI within the M2 series Results 26 2220 17 18 19 C od = 20 ou/m 3 Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

25. Results PanelistS0S0 k W-F S 0 / k W-F Z ITE = 10^(S 0 / k W-F ) c od, [ou/m 3 ] 6.66.63.351.9793.36 34 6.76.74.521.4830.36 6.36.34.231.4930.86 5.35.34.961.0711.71 5.75.73.071.8671.89 6.955.261.3220.96 Exemplary results of calculation of odour concentration in the basic sample assessed within the M2 series Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

26. Results Series Individual odour concentration estimate, Z ITE,NR Geometrical mean c od,NR [ou/m 3 ] IIIIIIIVVVIVIIVIII M1 2243 2243 --34.4 M2 224322 43 --30.8 M3 2243 --38.5 M4 4386 43 --54.2 M5 438643864322--48.5 M6 22 4322 --24.6 M7 43 2243 ---37.6 M8 8643 8643--54.2 M9 2243- 22--32.9 M10 43-22-43 1130.6 M11 4322- 86- -43.4 Results of measurements of odour concentration (c od,NR [ou/m 3 ]) with use of Nasal Ranger M1, M2, M3, … - measuring series 1, 2, 3…; I–VIII – symbols of a participant of the measurement Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

27. Results Comparing results of odour concentration measurements c od [ou/m 3 ] conducted with use of Nasal Ranger (c od,NR ) and n-butanol odour intensity scale c od,WF ); M1, M2, M3 – symbols of measurement series, dotted line - c od,NR = c od,WF ; blacked-out area: 0.5 c od,WF  c od,NR  2 c od,WF Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

28. Conclusions 1.Results of odour concentration situated within the scope to 60 ou/m 3 and carried out with use of Nasal Ranger, are compliant with the results obtained on the basis of odour intensity assessments to a satisfactory degree (utilizing n-butanol scale and Weber-Fechner law). 2.Precision of measurements conducted with a field olfactometer can be probably increased by exchanging some parts of Nasal Ranger for odourless ones. 3.Precision of measurements conducted with use of field olfactometer can be probably enlarged by resigning from conforming to requirements concerning intensity of breathing through the filter. This will allow assessors for full concentration on olfactory sensations, and additionally will increase the time of using the filter to the moment of bleeding. Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin

29. Thank you for your kind attention! Polish-Japanese Seminar on Odour Measurement and Control 27 February 2006, Szczecin