1. Airway Management

2. Respiration: breathing
Ventilation: breathing in of air or oxygen or providing breaths artificially.
Respiratory distress: increased work of breathing; sensation of shortness of breath
Respiratory failure: reduction of breathing to the point where oxygen intake is not sufficient to support life.
Respiratory arrest: stopping breathing completely.
Artificial Ventilation: forcing air or oxygen into the lungs when the patient has stopped breathing or has inadequate breathing.

3. Review of Anatomy & Physiology
Nose
Mouth
Pharynx
Larynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Alveoli
Lungs
Diaphragm

4. Signs of Adequate Breathing
Adequate and equal lung expansion (look)
Air entering and leaving chest (listen)
Air moving out nose or mouth (feel)
Typical skin color
Rate, rhythm, quality and depth of breathing

5. Signs of inadequate breathing
Absent or minimal chest movements
Abdominal breathing
No air can be felt or heard at nose or mouth.
Absent or diminished breathing sounds
Noises heard during breathing
Too rapid or too slow breathing rate
Very shallow or very deep breathing
Cyanosis
Inability to speak
Intercostals retraction
Nasal flaring

6. Care of inadequate breathing
Opening & maintaining the airway
Head tilt, chin left maneuver
Jaw thrust maneuver
Providing artificial ventilation to patient
Mouth to mask
Two rescuer bag valve mask
Flow restricted, oxygen powered ventilation device
One rescuer bag valve mask
Providing supplemental oxygen
Suctioning as needed

7. Airway Adjuncts
Oropharyngeal airway
Nasophayngeal airway

8. Rules of using airway adjuncts
Used in unconscious patient who do not exhibit a gag reflex
Open airway manually before using them
Take care of pushing tongue into pharynx
Stop insertion if patient begins to gag
Maintain the use of airway opening maneuver
Be ready to suction secretions as necessary
Remove if patient regain consciousness ar started to gag
Use infection control practices

9. Suctioning
The use of a vaccum device to remove blood, vomitus and other secretions or foreign materials from the airway.

10. Oxygen Therapy
It is one of the most important and beneficial treatments an EMT can provide.
Hypoxia: is an insufficiency in supply of oxygen to the body tissues.

11. Conditions requiring oxygen
Respiratory or cardiac arrest
Heart attacks and strokes
Shock
Blood loss
Lung diseases
Broken bones and head injuries and more

12. Hazards of oxygen therapy
Oxygen used in emergency care is stored under pressure
Oxygen supports combustion, causing fire to burn more rapidly.
Oxygen toxicity or air sac collapse
Infant eye damage
Respiratory depression or respiratory arrest

13. Oxygen Delivery Devices
Nonrebreather mask
Nasal cannula
Venturi mask
Simple face mask

14. Nonrebreather Mask Flow rate: 12 – 15 L/Min O2 Conc.: 80 – 90 %
Use: inadequate breathing, cyanotic, cool, clammy, short of breath, suffering chest pain, suffering severe injuries, altered mental status patients.

15. Nasal Cannual Flow rate: 1 – 6 L/Min O2 Conc.: 24 – 44 %
Use: for patients who cannot tolerate mask

16. Venturi Mask Flow Rate: varied, up to 15 L/Min O2 Conc.: 24 – 60 %
Use: to deliver specific concentration

17. Simple Face Mask Flow Rate: 10 L/Min O2 Conc.: 40 – 60 %
Use: moderate FiO2, mouth breathers