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History of Technology Foundations of Technology History of Technology © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology Teacher Resource – Unit 1 Lesson 1
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The BIG Idea Big Idea: People are better able to understand the world around them when they explore how people of all times and places have used their unique skills to develop inventions and innovations. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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Technological Development Technology is evolutionary and is often the result of a series of refinements to an idea or basic invention. The evolution of civilization has been directly attributed to the development of tools and materials. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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Technological Development The impact of technological development can be divided into four categories: Social – the impact on people Political – the impact on policy and laws Cultural – the impact on human achievement Economic – the impact on the economy © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The History of Technology Early in the history of technology, the development of tools and materials was based on technological know-how. Today, technological development is based on scientific knowledge and engineering design. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The History of Technology The History of Technology can be divided into nine distinct periods of time: © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology Paleolithic Age Mesolithic Age Neolithic Age Bronze Age Iron Age The Middle Ages The Renaissance Industrial Age The Information Age
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The Paleolithic Age The Old Stone Age or in Greek (palaios – “old”) and (lithos – “stone”) Time Period: 500,000 BC – 10,000 BC Impacts on history: Improved diet and enhanced security enabled early humans to increase the population. Artifacts: Stone axes, bone needles, hearth sites © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Mesolithic Age The Middle Stone Age or in Greek (mesos – “middle”) and (lithos – “stone”) Time Period: 10,000 BC – 4,000 BC Impacts on history: The gradual domestication of animals and agriculture led to settled communities. Artifacts: Leatherwork, fishing tackle, stone circles © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Neolithic Age The New Stone Age or in Greek (néos – “new”) and (líthos – “stone”) Time Period: 4,000 BC – 2,300 BC Impacts on history: Dependable year-round food supply enables division of labor and specialization that spurs invention. Artifacts: Spinning/weaving tools, stone plows, sickles © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Neolithic Age Examples of Engineering Design during the Neolithic Age: Mesopotamian engineers used clay tablets to document irrigation systems. Babylonian engineers used mathematical concepts such as algebra for land excavation calculations. Egyptian engineers built the pyramids. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Bronze Age The architectural period that included combining copper and tin to produce bronze Time Period: 2,300 BC – 700 BC Impacts on history: The use of bronze replaced stone tools and allowed humans to greatly alter their environment. Artifacts: Bronze jewelry, tools/weapons © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Iron Age The architectural period marked by the prevalent use of iron or steel Time Period: 700 BC – 450 AD Impacts on history: Military dominance for cultures that could produce iron weapons. The iron-blade plow allowed humans to increase food production. Artifacts: Iron farming equipment/weapons, manuscripts © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Iron Age Examples of Engineering Design during the Iron Age: Greek engineers created the crossbow and catapult to conquer territories. Roman engineers created aqueduct systems, sanitary systems, and an extensive road system. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Middle Ages The architectural period after the Roman Empire. Divided into Early Middle Ages, High Middle Ages, and Late Middle Ages. Time Period: 450 AD – 1,400 AD © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Middle Ages Impacts on history: In the late Middle Ages: famine, plague and war, often marked by the Black Death, which killed approximately one-third of the population Artifacts: Improved harness for horses, cast iron, cannons, mechanical clocks, compass, printing press. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Renaissance / Enlightenment The architectural period marked by the revival of classical influence and the sharing of ideas, or in Italian (Rinascimento – “to be reborn”) Time Period: 1,400 AD – 1,750 AD Impacts on history: Instrumentation enabled scientists to observe and quantify natural phenomena. Artifacts: Telescope, microscope, thermometer © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Renaissance / Enlightenment Examples of Engineering Design during the Renaissance: Leonardo da Vinci was born in Italy in 1452 and began his career as an artist, painting and sculpting. He also designed weapons, buildings, and machinery. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Renaissance / Enlightenment Examples of Engineering Design during the Renaissance: Galileo Galilei was born in 1564 and was known as a physicist, astronomer, and philosopher. He is best known for his improvements to the telescope and astronomical observations. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Industrial Age The architectural period marked by the first use of complex machinery, factories, and urbanization. Time Period: 1,750 AD – 1,950 AD Impacts on history: The industrial revolution gave rise to urban centers, requiring vast municipal services, creating a specialized and interdependent economic life. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Industrial Age Impacts on history: Economic expansion created the rise of professionals, population expansion, and improved standard of living. Artifacts: Electricity, automobile, airplane, radio, television, telephone, rocket © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Industrial Age Examples of Engineering Design during the Industrial Age: James Watt refines the steam engine for practical use. Alessandro Volta discovers the principles for a battery. Henry Ford creates the concept of the modern assembly line. © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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The Information Age The architectural period marked by information sharing, gathering, manipulation, and retrieval. Time Period: 1950 AD - Present Impacts on history: As information becomes more widely available, increasing numbers of people will be empowered. Artifacts: Integrated circuit, computer, nuclear power, digital camera © 2013 International Technology and Engineering Educators Association STEM Center for Teaching and Learning™ Foundations of Technology
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