2. WWI - Battles & Events

4. The Schlieffen Plan The Schlieffen Plan called for a quick strike of annihilation against France before turning all of the German forces on Russia. The Schlieffen Plan called for a quick strike of annihilation against France before turning all of the German forces on Russia. In the first weeks of the war 8 German armies pushed through Belgium and attacked France. In the first weeks of the war 8 German armies pushed through Belgium and attacked France. Their plan was to take France before troops from England could join the ally forces. Their plan was to take France before troops from England could join the ally forces. The plan failed. By November the western front was locked in trench warfare which would remain for the next 3 years. The plan failed. By November the western front was locked in trench warfare which would remain for the next 3 years. Trench Warfare 

6. Schlieffen Plan 

7. The War Overseas The Western Front Both the Triple Alliance and The Triple Entente’s war plans were based on gaining a quick victory. This was not to be. Both the Triple Alliance and The Triple Entente’s war plans were based on gaining a quick victory. This was not to be. Canada received the call to arms on August 4, 1914 when Britain joined the war. Canada received the call to arms on August 4, 1914 when Britain joined the war. By the time Canadian’s sailed for Europe in October, the French alone had lost ½ a million soldiers, and the Germans had captured France’s richest industrial region. By the time Canadian’s sailed for Europe in October, the French alone had lost ½ a million soldiers, and the Germans had captured France’s richest industrial region. By November the French and English were locked in combat on the Western Front against German forces in trenches that ran from Switzerland, through France and a corner of Belgium, to the English Channel. By November the French and English were locked in combat on the Western Front against German forces in trenches that ran from Switzerland, through France and a corner of Belgium, to the English Channel.

8. 1915 - 1916 Until 1918, neither side captures more than 10 kms of land in any single offensive The Germans sink the Lusitania (1915) The Germans sink the Lusitania (1915) The Eastern Front: The Eastern Front: 1. Major losses and gains for both sides 1. Major losses and gains for both sides 2. The Germans gradually conquer Eastern Europe 2. The Germans gradually conquer Eastern Europe

9. A Veteran speaks about Canada's enthusiasm at the beginning of the First World War A Veteran speaks about Canada's enthusiasm at the beginning of the First World War A Veteran speaks about Canada's enthusiasm at the beginning of the First World War A Veteran speaks about Canada's enthusiasm at the beginning of the First World War The first minute or so is the voice of a veteran, while the remainder is that of a historian.

11. Canadians At War At the start of WWI Canada had a population of 8 million people. At the start of WWI Canada had a population of 8 million people. During WWI approximately 619,636 men and women, of whom 66,655 were lost in battle served in Canada’s armed forces. During WWI approximately 619,636 men and women, of whom 66,655 were lost in battle served in Canada’s armed forces. Canada’s navy expanded from 2 ships to more than 100. Canada’s navy expanded from 2 ships to more than 100. 1600 Canadian pilots lost their lives and pilots like Billy Bishop, Raymond Collishaw and W.G. Barker left a record of bravery and honour for Canada. 1600 Canadian pilots lost their lives and pilots like Billy Bishop, Raymond Collishaw and W.G. Barker left a record of bravery and honour for Canada.

13. Timeline of World War I Battles 28 June 1914: Archduke Ferdinand assassinated 28 June 1914: Archduke Ferdinand assassinated 1 August 1914: Germany declared war on Russia 1 August 1914: Germany declared war on Russia 3 August 1914: Germany declared war on France 3 August 1914: Germany declared war on France 4 August 1914: British ultimatum to Germany 4 August 1914: British ultimatum to Germany 26-30 August 1914: Battle of Tannenberg 26-30 August 1914: Battle of Tannenberg 5-10 September 1914: Battle of the Marne 5-10 September 1914: Battle of the Marne 6-15 September 1914: Battle of the Masurian Lakes 6-15 September 1914: Battle of the Masurian Lakes February to November 1916: Battle of Verdun February to November 1916: Battle of Verdun 31 May 1916: Battle of Jutland 31 May 1916: Battle of Jutland June to November 1916: Battle of the Somme June to November 1916: Battle of the Somme 6 April 1917: USA declares war on Germany 6 April 1917: USA declares war on Germany Time line of WWI Time line of WWI Time line of WWI Time line of WWI

14. Troop distribution in WW1 

15. Canadians At War Canada’s largest contribution was in land battles. Canada’s largest contribution was in land battles. We fought beside France and Britain in many battles including: We fought beside France and Britain in many battles including: Ypres (where poison gas was first used). Ypres (where poison gas was first used). St. Julien where casualties reached almost 30%. St. Julien where casualties reached almost 30%. Canadians captured Vimmy Ridge. (Easter Sunday - April 9th 1917) This had been a position both the French and the English had failed to secure. Canadians captured Vimmy Ridge. (Easter Sunday - April 9th 1917) This had been a position both the French and the English had failed to secure. The battle of Passchendale (pronounced Passion-dale) where enemy counterattacks claimed 16,000 of the 20, 000 that set out the day before. The battle of Passchendale (pronounced Passion-dale) where enemy counterattacks claimed 16,000 of the 20, 000 that set out the day before. In the last months of the war Canadians spearheaded the final breakthrough of the German lines. In the last months of the war Canadians spearheaded the final breakthrough of the German lines. Canadian Maple Leaf 

16. Victims of a Poison Gas attack 

17. Troop distribution in WW1 

18. Ypres & The Gas Attack The second battle at Ypres lasted from April to May 1915. It was the first significant battle that Canadians had spearheaded. The second battle at Ypres lasted from April to May 1915. It was the first significant battle that Canadians had spearheaded. Ypres marked the first time a colonial force (the Canadians) had pushed back a major European power. Ypres marked the first time a colonial force (the Canadians) had pushed back a major European power. The Germans dropped Chlorine Gas onto Allied forces from planes above. The Germans dropped Chlorine Gas onto Allied forces from planes above. Canadians were quick on their feet and used urine-soaked cloths to cover their mouth and nose to neutralize the chlorine while advancing to the German lines, stopping German success. Canadians were quick on their feet and used urine-soaked cloths to cover their mouth and nose to neutralize the chlorine while advancing to the German lines, stopping German success.

19. Remains from the Gas Attacks of Ypres 

21. Battle on the Somme This battle was fought in the summer of 1916 and cost the lives of over 1 million men between both sides. This battle was fought in the summer of 1916 and cost the lives of over 1 million men between both sides. The original intention was to draw troops away from the Battle of Verdun where the Allied forces were attempting to break German lines. The original intention was to draw troops away from the Battle of Verdun where the Allied forces were attempting to break German lines. The first day of the Somme became the bloodiest day in British human history. The first day of the Somme became the bloodiest day in British human history. Offensive methods utilizing the “Over the Top” philosophy were not up to par with the advancements of defensive weaponry. Offensive methods utilizing the “Over the Top” philosophy were not up to par with the advancements of defensive weaponry.

23. Battle of Vimy Ridge Fought April 1917, seen to be the deciding moment in Canadian WWI history. Fought April 1917, seen to be the deciding moment in Canadian WWI history. This would be where Canada developed an identity. This would be where Canada developed an identity. Finally Canadian troops were under the leadership of Canadian officers who would not allow archaic strategies to slaughter more of our boys. Finally Canadian troops were under the leadership of Canadian officers who would not allow archaic strategies to slaughter more of our boys. Vimy Ridge was planned for months, while the battle lasted only 5 days. Vimy Ridge was planned for months, while the battle lasted only 5 days. Canadians used the ‘Creeping Barrage’ technique to hold defensive troops at bay while offensive troops moved in. Canadians used the ‘Creeping Barrage’ technique to hold defensive troops at bay while offensive troops moved in. Once the Canadians had taken the ridge,the Germans were forced into retreat. Once the Canadians had taken the ridge,the Germans were forced into retreat.

25. Passchendaele Passchendaele was the third battle of Ypres in Belgium between the Allies and the Germans. Passchendaele was the third battle of Ypres in Belgium between the Allies and the Germans. If the allies could get through Ypres they could breach the German submarine bases that was responsible for shooting down hundreds of allied and commercial ships. If the allies could get through Ypres they could breach the German submarine bases that was responsible for shooting down hundreds of allied and commercial ships. Only Allied troops, with a huge Canadian contingent, were able to breech the German Pillboxes because of how ripped apart the earth had been from the fighting. Only Allied troops, with a huge Canadian contingent, were able to breech the German Pillboxes because of how ripped apart the earth had been from the fighting. Swamp like conditions killed many forces on both sides. Swamp like conditions killed many forces on both sides.

26. 1917 – The U.S.: The Turning Point Feb: The German resume unrestricted submarine warfare: the u-boat blockade of G.B. is highly successful Feb: The German resume unrestricted submarine warfare: the u-boat blockade of G.B. is highly successful April 6: The U.S. declares war on Germany April 6: The U.S. declares war on Germany 1. The submarine blockade is broken 2. U.S. war materials and soldiers pour into Europe

28. Questions To Respond To Once you have finished reading pages 28- 36 in your Counter-Points textbook answer the following in complete sentences: Once you have finished reading pages 28- 36 in your Counter-Points textbook answer the following in complete sentences: 1. What was the Schlieffen Plan? What might have happened if it worked? 2. How is trench life described? How important would morale be to the troops? 3. Give a 3-5 sentence summary for each of Ypres, the Somme, Vimmy Ridge and Passchendale.

29. The War On The Eastern Front The Eastern Front was just as difficult. The Eastern Front was just as difficult. The Russians were suffering devastating losses against the Germans and when Turkey joined Germany in December, it blocked Russia from her supply of arms and equipment. The Russians were suffering devastating losses against the Germans and when Turkey joined Germany in December, it blocked Russia from her supply of arms and equipment.  This is what happened to Russia

30. This is Turkey. See Turkey exist. Turkey joined Germany. Bad Turkey. This made Russia sad. Sad Russia. Sad, sad Russia. Sad Russian 

31. The Russians Russia managed to cross the eastern borders of Germany earlier than the Germans expected, but were unable to defeat the Germans. Russia managed to cross the eastern borders of Germany earlier than the Germans expected, but were unable to defeat the Germans. They were more effective against the Austro-Hungarians in Galicia, and the Germans were forced to begin a general offensive along the Eastern Front in May of 1915. They were more effective against the Austro-Hungarians in Galicia, and the Germans were forced to begin a general offensive along the Eastern Front in May of 1915. In 1916 the Russians threatened the German capital of Berlin and the Austro-Hungarian capital of Vienna. The Germans were forced to move troops from Verdun to the Eastern Front. In 1916 the Russians threatened the German capital of Berlin and the Austro-Hungarian capital of Vienna. The Germans were forced to move troops from Verdun to the Eastern Front. From this point on the Germans would keep constant pressure on the increasingly demoralized Russian army, until Russia withdrew from the war in 1917 under its Communist Revolution. From this point on the Germans would keep constant pressure on the increasingly demoralized Russian army, until Russia withdrew from the war in 1917 under its Communist Revolution.

32. The Russians Continued The provisional government that replaced the Tsar was destroyed in the October Revolution. The provisional government that replaced the Tsar was destroyed in the October Revolution. The Bolsheviks (communists) under Vladimir Ilyich Lenin seized power in Russia (renamed the Soviet Socialist Republic). The Bolsheviks (communists) under Vladimir Ilyich Lenin seized power in Russia (renamed the Soviet Socialist Republic). Lennin immediately pulled Russia out of the war by signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending German-Russian hostility. Lennin immediately pulled Russia out of the war by signing the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk ending German-Russian hostility.

33. Russia becomes the USSR Nov. 1917: The Bolsheviks overthrow Tsar Nicholas IIand his regime Nov. 1917: The Bolsheviks overthrow Tsar Nicholas IIand his regime March 3, 1918: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk March 3, 1918: The Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Russia withdraws from the war Russia withdraws from the war Consequences: Russia losses: Consequences: Russia losses: 1. One quarter of its territory 2. One third of its population 3. One half of its industrial capacity 4. Germany deploys its troops to the West

34. Vladimir Ilyich Lenin  IN the Communist Revolution.

36. The United States Russia’s surrender was balanced by the US entering the war. Russia’s surrender was balanced by the US entering the war. The sinking of the Lusitainia in ( May 7, 1915) by a German submarine attack was used by President Woodrow Wilson to rally the public support he needed to declare war against the Germans. The sinking of the Lusitainia in ( May 7, 1915) by a German submarine attack was used by President Woodrow Wilson to rally the public support he needed to declare war against the Germans. The real catalyst to the Americans joining the war effort was a secret plan the Germans were hatching with Mexico to support a Mexican invasion of the US if Germany won the war (Zimmerman Telegraph). The real catalyst to the Americans joining the war effort was a secret plan the Germans were hatching with Mexico to support a Mexican invasion of the US if Germany won the war (Zimmerman Telegraph). The US chose not to send troops immediately upon their entrance to the war, however they did act as an arsenal for the allies. The US chose not to send troops immediately upon their entrance to the war, however they did act as an arsenal for the allies.

37. The Conclusion Sept. 1918: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson proposes his “Fourteen Points” The main ideas behind these points can be condensed to Sept. 1918: U.S. President Woodrow Wilson proposes his “Fourteen Points” The main ideas behind these points can be condensed to 1. Improve trade, freedom of the seas, end secret diplomacy, arms races,... 2. Territorial settlements and national boundaries according to ethnic identities 3. The League of Nations: Collective Security instead of secret alliances

38. The Canadians Honoured Canada’s outstanding contribution to the War effort allowed Canada a separate place at the peace table at Versailles. Canada’s outstanding contribution to the War effort allowed Canada a separate place at the peace table at Versailles. Canada was granted a separate signature on the peace document, marking international recognition that Canada was no longer simply an extension of Britain. Canada was granted a separate signature on the peace document, marking international recognition that Canada was no longer simply an extension of Britain.

39. Treaty of Versailles The most important terms included: The most important terms included: Germany accepting responsibility for the conflict. Germany accepting responsibility for the conflict. Germany had to pay for the war damage to France and Belgium. Germany had to pay for the war damage to France and Belgium. Germany’s enhanced territory was shrunk to create Poland and hinder German expansion. Germany’s enhanced territory was shrunk to create Poland and hinder German expansion. German forces were restricted in what they were allowed to make and do (especially concerning the military and industrialization). German forces were restricted in what they were allowed to make and do (especially concerning the military and industrialization).

40. The end November 11, 1918: November 11, 1918: The Armistice is signed The Armistice is signed Terms: Germany to Terms: Germany to 1. withdraw its army from the Rhineland 2. surrender its navy, air force, machine guns and artillery 3. renounce the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk Damage of WWI Damage of WWI

41. Feline Intervention