1. …Food and water shortages as a result of climate change and growing populations are likely to trigger mass migration and unrest…

3. To survive the droughts, wars and other major causes of famine, Africa must embrace technologies that enable it to produce more, better food with less effort. 1. Technology for production

5. Food supply (dietary calories / person / day) 2850 2600 1 Food price

6. V Fruits & Vegetables 49% Cereals and Starches 20% Milk & Milk Products 8% Meat & Alternatives 20% Oils & Fats 3% Limit What we should be eating (Harvard's Healthy Eating Plate Model) What we are actually producing (According to 2011 FAO) Fruits & Vegetables 11% Cereals and Starches 47% Oils & Fats 11% Sugar 16% Milk and Milk Products 4% Meat & Alternatives 11%

7. Food scarcity is a dangerous myth…Why are we humans creating … scarcity for millions of people no matter how much we produce? 2. Distribution and nutrition

8. Price of Oil (US $/barrel) $140 $20 1 Food price

9. …it’s impossible to have food security if the people affected by the policy don’t get to have a say about it… 3. Local food sovereignty

12. 4. Policies to Correct Market Failures We need [policies] to include [the environment] … in the bottom line of the true costs of food production – the true financial costs and the true costs to the earth…

13. Government regulation stifles innovation and efficiency. New technology favours the rich and powerful agents: the poor always lose out. Local food will never produce enough food to feed us all. Consumer habits are inexorably entrenched.

14. http://www.unep.org/dewa/agassessment/reports/IAASTD/EN/Agriculture%20at%20a%20Crossroads_Global%20Report%20(English).pdf

15. http://www.fredhoogervorst.com/photo/05614ddb/ This really is the Apocalyptic Drought. UNDP Representative Quoted in Green’s 1993 paper The political economy of drought in Southern Africa 1991-1993

16. Southern Africa’s Apocalyptic Drought The worst rainfall levels in over a century were recorded in 1991-2. This followed below-average rains in 1989/90 and 1990/91. Grain yields were 56 per cent of normal. Regional stockpiles were woefully inadequate to cope with the shortage. The drought placed 17-20 million people at risk of starvation. http://archive.unu.edu/unupress/unupbooks/uu22we/uu22we0b.htm

17. Food was released onto the market early in the emergency keeping prices relatively stable. Food aid reached needy populations before they left heir homes. Therefore, local social and production systems remained intact and rebounded quickly. Plant breeding programs resulted in improved and tested varieties of drought-resistant small grains. International donors forgave loans… Local production systems on which people normally depended had indigenous knowledge... …and national governments made a public commitment to import food. New “famine early warning systems” based on a range of social, economic and climatic data. Production Distribution Market Failure Sovereignty

18. Evan Fraser Canada Research Chair Department of Geography www.feeding9billion.com