1. Ch. 50 Ecology – the study of interactions of organisms and their environment

4. I.The environment includes abiotic and biotic components –A.Biotic – involves living components (food) –B.Abiotic – nonliving components (water, temperature) II.Ecological research –A.Organismal – distribution of organisms –B.Population – Factors that effect population size and composition –C.Community – Studies inhabitants of a certain area –D.Ecosystem – energy flow and chemical cycling

8. I.Aquatic and Terrestrial biomes –A.Aquatic biomes occupy the most biosphere »1.Life arose in water »2.Fresh water = 1% salt, Salt water 3% salt »3.Vertical stratification – decreased light intensity with increasing depth »a.Photic zone – upper layer, light sufficient for photosynthesis »b.Aphotic zone – little light, no photosynthesis »c.Shallow water warm, deep water cool »d.Thermocline – narrow horizontal zone between warm and cold waters »e.Benthic zone- bottom of aquatic zone

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13. 4.Freshwater biomes –a.Littoral zone – shallow well lit waters close to shore –b.Limnetic zone – open well lit waters away from shore –c.Profundal zone – deep aphotic zone beneath limnetic zone –d.Oligotrophic – lakes are deep nutrient poor –e.Eutrophic – shallow nutrient rich very productive –f.Mesotrophic – moderate productivity

15. 5.Wetlands – area covered by water that supports aquatic vegetation –a.Hydrophytes – cattails, pond lilies can grow in water or soil –b.Basin, Riverine, and Fringe ( can be fresh or salt water)

18. 6.Estuaries – freshwater stream or river merges with the ocean 7.Marine zones –a.Intertidal zone – shallow zone terrestrial meets ocean (tide pools) –b.Neritic zone – intertidal to the edge of continental shelf (reef) –c.Oceanic – from one shelf to another –d.Pelagic – open waters e.Benthic – sea floor

21. Biomes

22. I.Organismal ecology A. Costs of homeostasis »1.Regulators – maintain homeostasis through behavior or physiology »2.Conformers – allow fluctuations in internal environment with external environment »3.Principle of allocation – each organism has a set amount of energy »B.Responses to environment »1.Physiological – acclimation. When a person travels to high altitudes with low oxygen after a matter of days they produce more red blood cells »2.Morphological – reversible – change in the amount of fur, irreversible –Arrowleaf plant in water has no cuticle, out of water it has one. »3.Behavioral – animals will move from uncomfortable areas