1. Chapter 52: An Introduction to Ecology and the Biosphere Objectives: - Understand that ecology integrates all areas of biology -Understand interactions between organisms and the environment limit distribution of species -Aquatic biomes are dynamic ecosystems that cover most of the earth -Understand that climate determines the distribution and structure of terrestrial biomes.

2. Organismal Ecology -Physiology and evolutionary ecology Population Ecology -Population dynamics (change over time) Community Ecology -Interactions between species in an ecosystem. Ecosystems Ecology -Energy flow within an ecosystem Landscape Ecology -Connectedness of various ecosystems Global Ecology -Energy flow within the Biosphere

3. Why do organisms live where they do? -Biotic Factors -Behavior -Habitats -Relationships with other organisms Abiotic Factors -Climate (Macro and Mirco -Chemical -Physical Kangaroos live in the wettest of areas and in the driest climates that are susceptible to drought.

4. A Closer Look at Climate: Why are Ecosystems where they are? 1. Water 2. Latitude and Seasons 4. Air Circulation and Wind Patterns 3. Mountains

5. Aquatic Biomes -Two types: Marine and Freshwater -Largest part of the Biosphere -Know the various zones -Aquatic Ecosystems have variations in temperature (Stratified)

6. Freshwater Ecosystems -Lakes -Streams/Rivers (Moving water) -Estuaries –Freshwater flows into salt water -Wetlands Shallow, nutrient rich, oxygen poor Deep, nutrient poor, oxygen rich Fresh water has two zones 1.Littoral = Well lit and rooted plants 2.Limnetic Zone = Well lit, phytoplankton

7. Intertidal zone is where land meets water and periodically submerged. Oceanic Pelagic Zone is the vast ocean blue Benthic Zone is the bottom of the ocean – include hydrothermal vents Coral Reefs – Calcium Carbonate (High Oxygen) Marine Ecosystems

8. Terrestrial Ecosystems -Based on Temperature and Precipitation -Latitude = Climate -Altitude, Soil, and Water also determine ecosystems *Know general characteristics of Biomes.