1. Breakdown of the Concert of Europe 1848 Revolutions
Nationalism
Breakdown of the Concert of Europe
1848 Revolutions

2. New Forces in Europe
Liberalism – political philosophy – Enlightenment – people should be as free from gov’t restraint as possible
Nationalism – people with common traditions, culture, language began to associate themselves as part of a nation – loyalty to nation, not just to monarch
Some Nationalist revolts do not recognize the rights of other “nations” of people

3. FRANCE
Upper middle-class liberals overthrew Charles X because he ignored laws
Created a constitutional monarchy
Belgium revolted against Dutch rule – created independent nation

4. 1848 Revolutions More liberal, nationalist revolts against
the conservative status quo in Europe
France – more economic problems – middle class and workers overthrew constitutional monarch
Second Republic - single legislature, president who served 4 year terms
Universal male suffrage – all adult men could vote
1st President – Louis Napoleon – Napoleon’s nephew

5. Prussia - German states
38 German states – German Confederation – Otto Van Bismarck
Austria & Prussia – most powerful
German people wanted constitution, free press, jury trials
Frankfurt Assembly – constitution for unified German nation
Deputies elected by universal male suffrage
Drafted constitution but German rulers failed to accept it & Assembly had no power to enforce it

6. German Confederation

7. Central Europe Austrian Empire
Numerous nationalities – Germans, Poles, Serbians, Czechs
Metternich dismissed because of protests – March 1848
Revolutionaries took control of Vienna & demanded a liberal constitution
Hungarian revolutionaries receive independent legislature
Russian Army enters Hungary to end revolt
Austrian Empire regains control

10. Italian States Part of Austrian Empire 1848 revolts
Middle-class liberals and radical democratic revolutions joined forces and succeeded in forming constitutional gov’ts
Competing goals divided liberals and radicals
Conservative forces re-captured power
Austrian Empire crushed revolts by 1849

11. Legacy of 1848 Revolutions
France – successful - establishes constitutional gov’t
Belgium – successful - national independence
German unification fails
Italian independence fails
Central European peoples fail to win independence from Austrian Empire
Southern European peoples fail to win independence from Ottoman Empire

12. Ottoman Empire

13. Crimean War Russia vs. Ottoman Empire
Russia wanted sea port in Balkans
Austria did not support Russia in war – they were allies under Concert of Europe
Russia failed to win Crimean War and withdrew from European affairs

15. 1st Photographed War

16. Group Poster Project Nationalism
Create a poster about nationalistic revolutions in the country or place your group is assigned.
Information required:
Map with color
Names of revolutionary leaders
Causes of revolts; slogans
How was NATIONALISM defined or used in revolt?
Outcome of rebellion
Countries
Mexico
South America (Peru, Bolivia, Chile, Argentina)
Greece
France
Russia
Italy
Germany
Haiti
Brazil