1. 英译汉教程 连淑能 编著 授课教师 刘莉

2. Chapter 1 General Principles  Self-introduction / Getting to know each other  An introduction to the course 1.course description: a practical course; a proficiency course; the training of translating skills

3. 2. tasks: contrastive studies of E and C; discussion of translations; practice ; translation theory and skills

4. 3. teaching approach: a combined one 4. requirements: preview class involvement review assignment

5. 5. evaluation method: attendance (10%) in-class participation and after-class assignment (30%) final exam (60%) 6. recommendations of related books and journals

6. General principles about translation  How do you perceive translation?  The definition of translation: translation can be roughly defined as a reproduction or recreation in one language of what is written or said in another language.

7. approaching translation from various perspectives  linguistic views: linguistic activity; replacement; equivalence  cultural views: cultural communication  literary views: artistic recreation  functional views: purpose; function

8. Classification of translation ( mode ) interpretation, translation and machine translation ( text types) translation of sci-tech materials, literary works, and practical writings ( disposal ） full-text translation, selective/partial/abridged translation, adapted/edited translation  Roman Jacobson: intralingual translation 语内翻译 interlingual translation 语际翻译 intersemiotic translation 符际翻译

9. Translation criteria  严复： 信、达、雅 “ 雅 ” 之争议  刘重德： 信、达、切（ closeness to the original style ）  鲁迅： 宁信而不顺  林语堂：忠实、通顺、美  傅雷：神似  钱钟书：化境

10.  Alexander Fraser Tytler: Three principles of translation  Eugene Nida: functional equivalence  Peter Newmark: semantic translation & communicative translation

11. Translator’s qualifications  Excellent command of the two languages  Considerable knowledge of the two cultures  adequate knowledge of the subject matter  Fair capacity for writing  Plenty of practice  Knowledge of translation theory and skills  Skills in the use of IT

12. Translating strategies  Literal translation: word-for-word translation eg. Chain reaction shed crocodile tears 瞎子点灯白费蜡 as useless as a blind man lighting a candle

13.  Free translation: sense-for-sense translation eg. This is a Mickey Mouse course. She is a cat. 做一天和尚撞一天钟 to take a passive attitude towards one’s work

14. Discussion:  What are the merits and demerits of literal translation and free translation respectively?  What are the extremes of literal translation and free translation? please offer appropriate examples to illustrate them

15. Conclusion Literal translation and free translation: 1.not contradictory but complementary to each other ( 互补而非互斥 ) 2. the degree of literal and free translation ( 直译和意译 的程度 ) 3. to avoid extremes( 避免硬译和乱译 )

16. a consensus: to favor literal translation whenever possible and free translation whenever literal translation is not a good choice. （能够直译尽量直译，不能直译则意译）

17. Foreignization and domestication  Foreignization ( 异化 ) retaining the foreignness alien reading experience examples

18.  Domestication ( 归化 ) a transparent, fluent style minimizing the strangeness examples

19. Assignment:  What have you learned from today’s lecture?  Collect some relevant materials about one or two renowned translators.  Exercise: P8-P9