1. Chapter 11: The Third World

4. Thinking About The Third World The Basics Poverty Environmental Threats Ethnicity and Conflict Globalization and Structural Adjustment

8. Thinking About The Third World Key Questions –Why are global forces more influential in the Third World? –Why are Third World societies so divided? –Why are so many states in the Third World so weak?

9. The Evolution of Politics in the Third World Imperialism and its Legacy Boundaries of imperial convenience Commercial agriculture Extractive industries Exported profits Indirect rule

11. The Evolution of Politics in the Third World Independence Postcolonial Problems

12. Political Culture in the Third World Identity patron-client linkages religious cleavages change and resistance Ethnic and Other Division Lack of Legitimacy

13. Political Participation in the Third World Less of a balance between supporting and demanding participation “Top down” participation in single-party or military governments Over-simplification to say they are cynical manipulation of the masses by the elite. Patron-client relations Communal groups The role of nongovernmental organizations

14. Weak States Types of States Democracies Single-Party Regimes Military Regimes Personal Dictatorships Failed States

15. Weak States States and Power lack of public resources short-lived regimes corruption

16. Public Policy: The Myths and Realities of Development Import Substitution Structural Adjustment International Financial Institutions Foreign Aid Microcredit

18. Feedback Relatively few have access to television due to poverty About 1 in 3,000 has internet access Many third world countries do not have a free press available; authoritarian regimes censor the news Patron-client networks and other “traditional” institutions provide critical feedback “services,” reinforcing the patrons’ strength and their clients’ dependency. Mass media used to stimulate ethnic conflict

19. Democratization Political socialization Legitimacy Fortune and misfortune Capitalism Globalization