1. Inventing Geography and Visualizing the World

2. Aswan Eratosthenes (c. 276 BCE – c. 195 BCE) Alexandria

3. Aswan Alexandria

4. Aswan Alexandria

5. 0° 7°12’

7. Aswan Alexandria 1/50 of a Circle (360°)

8. Eratosthenes’s calculation: Alexandria to Aswan = 1/50 of the diameter of Earth Alexandria to Aswan = 5,000 stadia (c. 490 miles) 50 x 490 = 24,500 miles Actual circumference = 24,901 miles

9. Eratosthenes coins the word “geography”

10. Claudius Ptolemy, 85-165 CE Refined Eratosthenes’ calculations. Reduced the circumference of Earth. Produced the first real map of the world. Introduced the concept of map grids to plot location.

15. Chapter 8 Understand – The Gupta Empire in the “Classical Age” – The reform of Hinduism – Indian Buddhism – “The Global Trade of Indian Pepper” – Family life and gender.

17. Chapter 9 Understand: – How the Chinese balanced the ideas of Confucius Legalism Daoism – The achievements of Cheng, the “First Emperor” – The achievements of the Han dynasty – Buddhism in China

18. The world in the reigns of Antoninus Pius (138-161) Vologases IV (147-191) Vāsishka (140-160) Huan Di (146-168)