1. Vitamin Metabolism Robert F. Waters, PhD Robert F. Waters, PhD

2. Basic Chart

3. Vitamins Continued:

5. Thiamin In all cells including brainIn all cells including brain Tpp-active formTpp-active form HMP, PDH, TCAHMP, PDH, TCA Absorption by active transport and diffusionAbsorption by active transport and diffusion Not storedNot stored ToxicityToxicity –None reported DeficiencyDeficiency –Mainly associated with alcoholism –Beriberi Peripheral neuropathy especially frequently used limbsPeripheral neuropathy especially frequently used limbs Thiaminases (Lower Thiamin Availability)Thiaminases (Lower Thiamin Availability) –In raw fish (sushi), shellfish –Tannins, factors in tea and coffee

6. Riboflavin Lack causes pellagra (Same for lack of niacin)Lack causes pellagra (Same for lack of niacin) –Dermatitis (Esp. nose and scrotum) –Vascularization of cornea –Magenta tongue Stronger oxidizing agents than NAD thus in ETS type systems.Stronger oxidizing agents than NAD thus in ETS type systems. –Two oxygens may be attached when in reduced form Active forms are FAD and FMNActive forms are FAD and FMN Toxicity (Very low)Toxicity (Very low) AbsorptionAbsorption –Upper small intestine by active transport Not storedNot stored IN; ETS, FAS, FAO, MAO, Xanthine Oxidase, Glutathione Reductase (RBC)IN; ETS, FAS, FAO, MAO, Xanthine Oxidase, Glutathione Reductase (RBC)

7. Riboflavin Continued: Stimulated by T3 (Thyronine)Stimulated by T3 (Thyronine)